Madam C.J. Walker (December 23, 1867 – May 25, 1919) was an American businesswoman, hair care entrepreneur, tycoon and philanthropist. She died after World War I.
Her fortune was made by developing and marketing a hugely successful line of beauty and hair products for black women, under the company she founded Madam C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company.
The Guinness Book of Records cites Walker as the first female who became a millionaire by her own achievements.
Walker saw her personal wealth not as an end in itself, but as a means to promote economic opportunities for others, especially black people.
She took great pride in the profitable employment — and alternative to domestic labor — that her company afforded many thousands of black women who worked as commissioned agents.
Her agents could earn from $5 to $15 per day in an era when unskilled white laborers were making about $11 per week.[2] Marjorie Joyner, who started work as one of her employees, went on to lead the next generation of African-American beauty entrepreneurs.
Walker was known for her philanthropy, leaving two-thirds of her estate to educational institutions and charities, including the NAACP, the Tuskegee Institute and Bethune-Cookman College. In 1919, her $5,000 pledge to the NAACP's anti-lynching campaign was the largest gift the organization had ever received.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker
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