Immigration comes at a devastating cost to Black Americans
T. Willard FairCongress continues to relentlessly push immigration policies that’ll make Black Americans poorer.
That’s not their stated goal, of course. But that’ll nevertheless be the end result of their proposal to amnesty millions of illegal immigrants and boost the level of legal immigration. The lasting effects of uncontrolled, mass immigration on Black Americans are plainly obvious and have been well-documented throughout our country’s history. So how can any Black politician in good conscience advocate for a more expansive immigration policy that would continue to do us harm?
Don’t listen to those who say we supporters of immigration reduction want to put an end to it or that we’re “anti-immigrant.” They’re only trying to shut down the debate. For decades I have worked to help welcome and assimilate immigrants in Miami, a city with one of the largest foreign-born populations in the U.S.
I have also tried to convince our Black leaders that our immigration policy needs to be primarily focused on the well-being of those of us already here — those of us they supposedly represent and whose vote they rely on to stay in office.
By many measures, the economic gap between Black and white workers has gotten worse in recent years. In 1970, for instance, Black men earned 59% as much as white men. By 2019, that figure had dipped to 56%. For decades, unemployment rates among Black Americans have consistently been about double those for white Americans.
There is no single explanation for these racial disparities, of course. But decades of mass immigration have almost certainly made the problem worse.
Consider the years 1940 to 1980 — a period of comparatively lower immigration that generally led to tight labor markets. As immigration policy expert Roy Beck points out in his new book “Back of the Hiring Line,” Black men saw their real incomes increase four-fold during those decades. Black men’s earnings actually rose faster than white men’s.
During that same time period, the share of Black Americans who were considered “middle class” exploded, growing from 22% to 71%.
Had these trends continued, it’s hard to imagine racial disparities in earnings and employment persisting for much longer — certainly not to the degree we see today. But progress among Black workers leveled off starting around 1970, five years after Congress passed laws that significantly increased rates of immigration, from roughly 250,000 per year in the middle of the 20th century to over 1 million annually today.
Whereas immigrants accounted for just 4.7% of the population in 1970, they now make up over 13.7% — an almost three-fold increase. Many immigrants are indeed hard-working and law-abiding, but the sheer number of newcomers entering the U.S. labor market year after year has created new economic barriers for low-skilled American workers — especially for Black Americans.
Indeed, as the supply of less-educated labor increased due to immigration, competition for jobs requiring a high school degree or less became much greater. And Black Americans suffered disproportionality.
A 2006 paper published by the National Bureau of Economic Research estimates that the influx in immigration between 1980 and 2000 “reduced the wage of Black high school dropouts by 8.3 percent, reduced the employment rate by 7.4 percentage points, and increased the incarceration rate by 1.7 percentage points.”
Folks on the left used to find this disparate impact disturbing. President Bill Clinton’s Council of Economic Advisers plainly warned that “immigration has increased the relative supply of less-educated labor and appears to have contributed to the increasing inequality of income.”
But many of them either no longer realize that immigration has negative consequences — or no longer care. Many Black lawmakers in Congress are working to grant amnesty to over 6 million illegal aliens — a number that would likely be much higher — a move that’d immediately increase labor market competition and encourage more people to come here illegally in the hopes of future amnesties. Black lawmakers also want to increase the number of green cards available for legal immigrants.
The Congressional Black Caucus has endorsed amnesty and an increase in annual immigration. Why? The CBC has put forward no reasonable explanation. Its members haven’t made a case for how increasing immigration will benefit Black Americans.
As my friend Roy Beck told me, economic history demonstrates that every time immigration levels have risen significantly, inequality has grown as well. The reverse is also true. So ask yourselves, why are so many Black politicians in D.C. intent on increasing immigration yet so adamantly opposed to even having a debate about reducing it?
It’s undeniable that mass immigration has come at a substantial cost to Black Americans. That doesn’t mean that immigrants don’t deserve our compassion, or that immigration is the sole cause of racial disparities in our nation.
It simply means that if we want to create a fairer economy, we can no longer ignore immigration’s unique contribution to racial inequality.
T. Willard Fair is the president and CEO of the Urban League of Greater Miami, Inc.