NASA: "we're no longer able to visit moon"

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Private jet looking ass nigga!!!


:roflmao3::roflmao::roflmao3::roflmao::roflmao3::roflmao:
 
Retardicans have been putting the squeeze on Nasa's Budget for years. The Space program consumed about about 1/3 of the GNP during some years in the 60s or nearly 5% of the entire US budget. Remember that the only reason we were in space was the cold war. We were fighting for Global dominance in a war of ideologies with the Soviet Union. All this while fighting the Vietnam war. We weren't in space for Altruistic purposes. If we had continued Space exploration at the rate we were in the 60s it would be much cheaper and we could go to Mars by now.

Yeah.

Nowadays it doesn't help that the average American doesn't want money spent on space. This is just about money. They can have the technology up-and-running in no time if they got the funding.

But you talk Mars and then you have people like :crymeariver: "But there are people starving on earth...why are we going to Mars???!?"
 
I cant stop laughing... Thats why Barry wants to regulate the internet and gay Z calling the internets the wild west.. Their losing the fucking narrative, I luv it!!!
 

Here is the full text:

Astronaut 1: But what is that?

Astronaut 2: Do you have an explanation?

Houston: Do not worry, stick to the program!

Astronaut 1: My God, it’s amazing, that’s great, do not you could ever imagine!

Houston: We know this, go to the other side!

Astronaut 1: What the hell is that? It’s amazing …… God … but what is it? So, you tell me?

Houston: Change frequency, use Tango, Tango!

Astronaut 1: Then it is a form of life, that one!

Houston: Change frequency.

Houston: Use Tango Bravo, Bravo Tango, choose Jezebel, Jezebel!

Astronaut: …… yes! Matutto … .. this is incredible!

Houston: Switch on Bravo Tango, Tango Bravo!

At this point the connection is broken

What did Buzz Aldren state as the reason?

He said when they went to the moon and was on the surface exploring they were told in no uncertain terms by whomever was already up there to leave and never come back.. NASA hasn't been back since

http://www.thespacereview.com/article/3241/1

NEIL ARMSTRONG: WE WERE ORDERED TO 'MOVE AWAY' BY ALIENS ON THE MOON Share 19.8K Watch out conspiracy theorists. The truth is, America really did make it to the moon, but what happened when they were there is the real question. Neil Armstrong claims that there was an alien species on the moon when they visited and that they were made to move away. Armstrong claims that there were ships and structures on the moon that were not human-made. The idea is both thrillings and terrifying that an alien species could exist so close to the planet humans call home. Armstrong was not the only one to have encountered and recalled these abnormalities. Buzz Aldrin also took videos of the strange occurrences, and they both reported back to Houston who censored this information from the American people to keep the country from rising in panic. ALIENS ON THE MOON The interview transcription is below: “Professor: What really happened out of Apollo 11? Armstrong: An amazing thing, even though we have always known of this possibility. The fact is that they (aliens) have ordered us to turn away! Professor: What do you mean “warned to move away”? Armstrong: I cannot go into details; there are structures on the Moon, and not ours. I can only say that their ships were far superior to ours both in size and technology. Wow if you were big! … And menacing! Professor: But NASA also sent to the moon missions after Apollo 11 …. Armstrong: Naturally, NASA had already announced at that time, and could not risk panic on Earth.” Personally I will always believe that humans have been to the moon. There is not much that can be done to change my thoughts on that. But the possibility that there was something happening on the moon that we were not told about seems all too likely. How’s that for an explanation of video inconsistencies.

READ MORE: http://www.disclose.tv/news/neil_armstrong_on_the_moon_we_were_ordered_by_aliens_to_move_away/121073

 
Buzz Aldrin: Why we should leave the Moon alone and settle Mars instead
By Claire Bates
UPDATED: 10:45 EDT, 6 July 2009

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Buzz Aldrin, 79, is keen for Earthlings to head to Mars instead of the Moon

Nasa astronaut Buzz Aldrin, the second man to walk on the Moon, has urged the world to forget about returning to our nearest satellite and head to Mars instead.

'Why do we want to go to go back to the Moon?' he asked.

'Some nations want to go for prestige to say they are 'first' in space exploration in the 21st century and they want Nasa to compete with them.

'But there's no reason for us to go back. We can look at the effects of long-term missions in space by flying around comets, rather than setting up a base on the Moon. We're not going to launch any missions from there.'

Instead Dr Aldrin said we should be setting our sights on the Red Planet, which would be a 'wonderful objective' for humanity.

'Mars is the only planet in the solar system which is nearly habitable. But we will really need settlers for that,' he said.

He gave his whole-hearted support to the Russian 'Phobos-Grunt' mission, which plans to land a robot on Mars' moon Phobos, take soil samples and then return them to Earth in 2012.

He said the potato-shaped moon would be the perfect place from which to monitor and control robots that could build an infrastructure on the Martian surface, ready for the first human visitors.

'America helped to take the world to the moon 40 years ago and America certainly can help lead the world in the direction of Mars. All we need it determination, imagination and willingness,' he said.

Dr Aldrin's comments run contrary to Nasa policy. The space agency plans to return to the Moon by 2020, although budget cuts make this date overly optimistic.


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Buzz Aldrin said the world should look towards settling Mars (l), first landing on its moon Phobos (r)

The veteran spacewalker was speaking at the Southbank Centre in London to mark the 40th anniversary of the first Moon landing.

He also reminisced about his historic space mission to the Moon in July 1969 that made headlines around the world.

'The descent to the surface was the most complicated part of the mission, he said.



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'There was quite a lot of concern about computer alerts in Houston and in the cockpit too. Then we came down and the site was full of boulders. Now this was not a landing site!'

He added: 'It's hard to know what was going on in Neil's mind. But I wasn't going to shake him up. My role was to check all the instruments while Neil looked for a place to land. But I wasn't scared - what's the point? You're coming down either way.'

Neil Armstrong flew the lunar module over the boulder field and the two astronauts landed with just 20 seconds of fuel remaining.

'We both looked at each other,' Dr Aldrin said.

'I remember patting his shoulder but Neil says we shook hands. Then we were busy checking for a leak, because if there was we had to go back up within two minutes, or wait two hours for Collins (Michael Collins, pilot of the command module) to come around again.

'I was also worried about the door slamming... I don't recall there being a handle on the outside!'


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The Apollo 11 crew lifted off in July 1969 (left). Buzz Aldrin (right) is pictured standing on the moon, which Neil Armstrong can be seen reflected in his visor

The outspoken astronaut said one of the hardest questions he is asked is what it feels like to stand on the Moon.

'It's almost impossible to communicate,' he said.

'I can manufacturer an answer about being so proud but when I was there I was thinking about doing the job the best I could in the time. Then it was all over, except it wasn't as it is with you for the rest of your life.'

Stepping on to the lunar landscape he described the Moon as 'magnificent desolation.'

'It was a magnificent achievement,' he explained. 'Yet there was the desolation of the environment, with no signs of life.'


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Buzz Aldrin (r) with his fellow Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong (l) and Michael Collins (m)

The astronaut battled depression and alcoholism on his return to Earth as he struggled to acclimatise.

'I had reached the pinnacle of my life (aged 39), but I didn't anticipate the impact this would have, or the notoriety it gave me,' he said.

'Until then I had a very structured life and was goal orientated. Then I couldn't find my next challenge. But even if I hadn't gone to the Moon, I think I would have run into the demon of alcoholism at some point.'

Now aged 79, Aldrin has been sober for 30 years and married to his wife Lois for 23 years... and has no plans for retirement.



Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencet...e-Moon-settle-Mars-instead.html#ixzz4hLmtKpEq
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http://www.newsweek.com/buzz-aldrin-getting-back-moon-elon-musk-and-march-madness-437670

Buzz Aldrin is a man who has never given up on people. Even when, for a few decades, they seemed to give up on space. Man hasn’t touched the moon since 1972, meaning generations of Americans were never alive for a moon walk. Aldrin was the second person to actually walk on the moon, and he’s never stopped pushing people to try one more step: to Mars. Aldrin has a plan to get us there, but you better be ready, because missions start in 2018.

“We really need to remind the people and the politicians what we really accomplished back then, and how we inspired future generations, because we think it’s really time for us to put our objective here on the U.S. to landing people on the moon,” Aldrin tells Newsweek. A moonshot wouldn’t be about reliving past glories, however. It would be a step in getting us to Mars.

“It’s what I think is a reasonable, outstanding plan beginning in 2018 and ending with humans landing on Mars by 2040,” Aldrin says.

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Buzz Aldrin wants man to walk on the moon again, and after that, Mars.KEVIN LAMARQUE/REUTERS
In a year where presidential campaigns have barely mentioned NASA at all this all may seem like a pipedream, but Aldrin recently presented his plan to the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) and says he’ll work with whoever gets nominated to put his “Cycling Pathways to Occupy Mars” plan into action.


“We need to help other nations with their lunar programs, and at the same time we’ll learn how to assemble missions there, for Mars, and then my cycling spaceships can deliver people,” Aldrin says.

His “cycling spaceships” are based on the idea that you could put a large ship in orbit around the sun and meet both Mars and Earth at regular intervals, to deliver supplies and people. The cycling ships would reuse life-support systems, cutting down on the cost. “And it lets us occupy Mars, not just visit, but rotating people there, just like the space station,” Aldrin says.

Although some of his fellow astronauts have been critical of Elon Musk and SpaceX, Aldrin seems impressed with Musk’s vision of partially privatized space travel, saying he’s met with him “many times.” “He certainly has great expectation and he’s done rather well with reducing the cost of space launch,” says Aldrin. He also speaks encouragingly about Jeff Bezos’s Blue Origin and United Launch Alliance, but he’s really excited about the rockets Ariane 6 (from the European Space Agency), Russia’s massive Angara rocket and the Long March rockets from the Chinese.

NASA’s Next Spaceship Could Travel To Mars In 3 Days
The key, Aldrin says, is helping other countries get to the moon, while having the U.S. specialize in “humans and landers” and bringing everyone together for a Mars mission.

Manned missions haven’t been in vogue lately, at NASA or any other space agency, where they’re seen as dangerous and expensive. Aldrin says robots aren’t good enough. “We may be the only people who send robots because the rest of the people are going to want to do what we did before for the inspiration of their people... Do we just back out of this high technology that we started? That hardly seems the way of a great nation or an exceptional nation.”

Aldrin is doing interviews for the Allstate March Mayhem challenge, where he’s going head-to-head against Dick Vitale, so we also talked a little basketball. Aldrin says he normally attends a few game but this year, “I’m waiting for invitations.”

Aldrin’s alma mater, West Point, where he was a pole vaulter, isn’t in the tournament, which means he can pick a team to root for. He hasn’t made any decisions but says while he used to root for the underdog, lately “I decided to root for the team that’s ahead and has the best chance of winning. I want to be a winner just like everyone else does.”
 
Why it's time to go back to the Moon
35
It's more than a stepping stone to Mars
by Loren Grush@lorengrush Jun 7, 2016, 2:46pm EDT SHARE

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NASA

Mars is an extremely popular destination right now. Putting people on the Red Planet has been the big goal for NASA since 2010, and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has made it very clear that his company is going to try to start a Martian colony as early as 2024. Mars One has managed to find hundreds of hopefuls who say they are willing to live out their last remaining days on Mars. Even Buzz Aldrin is encouraging us to get our asses there.




A MARTIAN COLONY IS GOING TO BE MORE COMPLICATED THAN PEOPLE REALIZE

But a Martian colony is going to be more complicated than people realize. We still haven’t invented many of the technologies needed to keep people alive — both during the journey to Mars and when we get there. Some tech has already been created, but we don’t know how it’ll hold up in space or even on another planet. That’s why we need to shift our gaze from Mars to a much closer neighbor: the Moon.

Enthusiasts and industry employees have been debating the merits of a return to the Moon versus a Mars mission ever since President Obama set NASA's space policy six years ago. During a 2010 speech, Obama directed NASA to send humans to an asteroid first and then send them to Mars. But he also argued we shouldn't go back to the Moon, because "we've been there before." That small statement squashed any chances of a Moon return during Obama's tenure. It also doesn't make a lot of sense.


A return to the Moon would do great things for the space community and for our government's space agency. First, a Moon mission would probably spark more collaboration with our international and commercial partners. Roscosmos and the European Space Agency both aim to set up a lunar colony, and the two agencies would likely be eager to lend expertise, personnel, and hardware to NASA. America's burgeoning private space industry could also get involved, by incorporating their rockets and hardware into a lunar trip. And both the commercial industry and the rest of the world would benefit from NASA's leadership.


It's going to take an incredible amount of money and discipline for a Mars mission to work — two things that even NASA may lack. Our international partners are uninterested in sending people to Mars. These agencies don’t have the money or the resources to make the complex technology needed for it, either. The European Space Agency has an annual budget between $5 billion and $6 billion, which is a quarter the size of NASA’s (about $19 billion). Russia's Space Agency matches NASA in funding, but the agency has suffered from corruption and budget cuts. That means these agencies can’t help NASA on Mars the way they might on the Moon. As for the private space industry, it’s mostly too young to provide substantial technologies that will actually help get NASA to Mars.

A MOON MISSION IS A LOGICAL STEPPING STONE TO MARS


A Moon mission is a logical stepping stone to Mars. It can teach us about interplanetary living, just as the International Space Station has taught us about life in space. We've learned a ton from the ISS, like how to keep people alive in space, and what the absence of gravity does to the human body. A mission to the Moon opens opportunities for learning the kinds of things we’d need to survive on Mars — for instance, how to create a place to live on the surface of a whole other planet. That’s not all: both the Moon and Mars have a lot of dust, which can muck up hardware. So testing out space habitats on the dusty ol’ Moon, for instance, will help us prepare for dust on Mars.

Plus, the Moon's resources and position in space provide some added benefits. First, it is much closer! This isn’t insubstantial — at less than 240,000 miles away from Earth, the Moon can be reached in days, instead of the six month-travel time it would take to get to Mars. But scientists also think there’s water at the Moon’s poles, which is the kind of thing that could be mined. That water could create propellant for long-term missions — including to Mars — which could launch from a body that has far less gravity than Earth. But perhaps the biggest strength of a Moon colony is how quickly NASA could pull it off. Studies have suggested that a crewed mission to the lunar surface could be done with existing rockets, such as the Falcon 9 or the Atlas and Delta rockets from United Launch Alliance, at a relatively low cost.

PEOPLE ARE MORE ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT SPACE TRAVEL THAN EVER BEFORE


That's important since people are more enthusiastic about space travel than ever before. SpaceX's launches and landings dominate the internet, and people turn out in droves for NASA's latest scientific announcements. Why not capitalize on that enthusiasm now? NASA has been in a weird stasis since the cancelation of the Shuttle program in 2011, relying on Russia to transport its astronauts. It needs a big project, sooner rather than later, to remind the world of what can be accomplished in space.

Fortunately, a return to the Moon is more likely if the attitude in Congress is any indication. At the recent hearings of the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, representatives have been very critical of NASA's Mars initiative, attacking the Mars plan on both clarity and cost. Getting to Mars is likely to take hundreds of billions of dollars, and NASA’s current budget just isn’t going to cut it.

Perhaps the biggest gauge of how Congress feels came last month. A draft of a new appropriations bill for NASA would completely defund the agency’s

unpopular asteroid redirect mission, which involves grabbing a boulder off an asteroid and bringing it into lunar orbit. "Instead, NASA is encouraged to develop plans to return to the Moon to test capabilities that will be needed for Mars, including habitation modules, lunar prospecting, and landing and ascent vehicles," the bill states. With a new president about to take office, a Moon effort has a much better chance of happening than in the past few years.

I have no doubt that we'll reach Mars someday, and I'm even optimistic that it will happen in my lifetime. But why not take the path to Mars that makes the most sense? A mission to the Moon would help us get to the Red Planet, as well as provide an exciting short-term human mission that people can be excited about.

https://www.theverge.com/2016/6/7/11868840/moon-return-journey-to-mars-nasa-congress-space-policy
 
First man on moon dies along with secrets of what he saw
WRITTEN BY DR MICHAEL SALLA ON AUGUST 25, 2012. POSTED IN EXOPOLITICS RESEARCH

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Modern People magazine published what they claim to be Buzz Aldrin's photographs of two UFOs watching Apollo 11 on the moon in their June 1975 issue. Click image for more photos

Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon died today from heart failure. For many, Armstrong is the all-American hero who performed the seemingly impossible. He fulfilled President Kennedy’s vision of putting a man on the moon before the end of the decade. Armstrong’s walk on the moon was televised and witnessed by hundreds of millions around the planet. For many it was an unforgettable experience and sparked hopes of a bright future for human space travel. What Armstrong experienced that day on the moon has been marked by controversy over a two minute period of radio silence that surprised viewers and fueled many theories over what really happened. According to alleged leaked government documents and photographs, Armstrong did not just see the barren landscape televised to millions, but something much more significant. According to NASA insiders and an alleged ham radio transmission intercept, what Armstrong witnessed that day changed his life, and led to the eventual abandonment of the manned lunar missions. According to alleged leaked documents, two huge extraterrestrial spacecraft watched the Apollo 11 landing, and observed the Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin moon walks.


During the Apollo 11 moon landing, there was a two minute period of radio silence. According to NASA, the problem arose from one of two television cameras overheating, thus disrupting the reception. What really happened, according to various sources, was that Armstrong and Aldrin saw something else watching them! According to Timothy Good, author of Above Top Secret(1988) HAM radio operators receiving the VHF signals transmitted from Apollo 11 to NASA’s Houston headquarters, intercepted the following message which NASA screened from the public in the missing two minutes:

Mission Control:

What's there ? Mission Control calling Apollo 11.

Apollo 11:

These babies are huge, sir … enormous….Oh, God, you wouldn't believe it! I'm telling you there are other space craft out there… lined up on the far side of the crater edge… they're on the moon watching us. (Above Top Secret, p. 384.)

The HAM operator’s radio intercept was widely dismissed by the media, but in 1975 it received unexpected support. Maurice Chatelain, is a retired NASA communications engineer who helped develop the communications system used in the Apollo moon missions. In his 1975 book, Our Cosmic Ancestors, he wrote:

[O]nly moments before Armstrong stepped down the ladder to set foot on the Moon, two UFOs hovered overhead. Edwin Aldrin took several pictures of them. Some of these photographs have been published in the June 1975 issue of Modern People magazine.” (p. 25)

Later, in 1979, Chatelain said that Armstrong’s sighting of two UFOs over a lunar crater was being deliberately kept from the media and public by NASA: “The encounter was common knowledge in NASA, but nobody has talked about it until now.” l Even more remarkably, Chatelain claimed that:

…all Apollo and Gemini flights were followed, both at a distance and sometimes also quite closely, by space vehicles of extraterrestrial origin – flying saucers, or UFOs, if you want to call them by that name. Every time it occurred, the astronauts informed Mission Control, who then ordered absolute silence.

Was the missing two minutes of radio silence during the Apollo 11 moon landing an attempt by NASA to cover up what Armstrong really saw on the moon? Were UFO sightings a common occurrence during Apollo missions?

According to Buzz Aldrin in a number of press interviews, Apollo 11 was indeed watched by a UFO during its journey to the moon. Aldrin describes how the Apollo 11 astronauts avoiding mentioning the word UFO in reporting what they were witnessing, and instead asked Houston about the location of the Saturn V launch rocket. Aldrin’s admission that Apollo 11 was being shadowed by a UFO does give credence to belief that UFOs did witness the moon landing, and Armstrong had reported this to NASA in a radio communication that resulted in the missing two minutes of radio silence. Aldrin’s admission also supports Chatelain’s claim that one or more extraterrestrial vehicles watched the Apollo 11 moon landing as Chatelain claimed in his book.


Is there any other source supporting the controversial claims that Neil Armstrong had witnessed two huge extraterrestrial vehicles over a lunar crater watching the Apollo 11 moon landing. According to Timothy Good, Dr Vladimir Azhazha, a physicist and Professor of Mathemeatics at Moscow University at the time:

“Neil Armstrong relayed the message to Mission Control that two large, mysterious objects were watching them afte3r having landed near the moon module. But his message was never head by the public – because NASA censored it. (Above Top Secret, p. 384)

So why did NASA eventually terminate the Apollo missions if extraterrestrial visitors were there and watching the Earth? The answer according to Armstrong, as relayed by an unnamed Professor at a NASA symposium is as follows:

Professor: What really happened out there with Apollo 11?

Armstrong: It was incredible … of course, we had always known there was a possibility … the fact is, we were warned off. There was never any questions then of a space station or a moon city.

Professor: How do you mean “warned off”?

Armstrong: I can’t go into details, except to say that their ships were far superior to ours both in size and technology – Boy, where they big! … and menacing …. No, there is no question of a space station.

Professor: But NASA had other missions after Apollo 11?

Armstrong: Naturally – NASA was committed at that time, and couldn’t risk a panic on earth…. But it really was a quick scoop and back again. (Above Top Secret, p. 186)

So what’s the truth? Did Neil Armstrong really see extraterrestrial vehicles on the moon, who eventually warned NASA not to return? With Armstrong’s death we will perhaps never have his personal version of what really happened on that July day in 1969. Perhaps NASA will one day release an official version of what really happened, or have they already done so through a fictional movie admission by Buzz Aldrin? In the movie Transformers: Dark of the Moon, Buzz Aldrin comes forward to reveal a version of the truth about what he and Armstrong saw on the moon. In the movie he says on a secret black operations radio line to NASA, during public radio silence, while on the moon:

Buzz Aldrin: You cannot believe what we're seeing…

Black Ops NASA Technician: We are not alone after all, are we?

Buzz Aldrin: No, sir. We're not alone.




If the above events are true, it must have been very difficult for Armstrong to keep official silence about what he really saw on the moon for over four decades. Perhaps that explains his reclusive nature after the lunar missions, and public reticence in describing his personal experiences on the moon. If so, he remained true to his word and kept silence despite any personal reservations to the contrary. Neil Armstrong was an American Patriot to the end.

© Copyright 2012. Michael E. Salla. Exopolitics.org

Permission is granted to include extracts of this article on websites and email lists with a link to the original. This article is copyright © and should not be added in its entirety on other websites or email lists without author's permission.

http://exopolitics.org/first-man-on-moon-dies-along-with-secrets-of-what-he-saw/
 
China is pumping millions into their space program right now.

If China announced today a planned mission to Mars or the Moon and they plan on setting up Bases up there.

Overnight, Congress will increase NASA budget. They will have R&D a spacecraft and test flyed it by Christmas.

By this time next year they will be flying two rockets full throttle to Mars and the Moon to stake claim on real estate to set up US bases.

And if they by chance the US or China discovered Oil on Mars today....The US will have a rocket land on that rock by Christmas so fast, you be like...."What The Fuck?!".
 
I always thought they didn't make it to the moon. I felt like they lived. I made this conclusion after seeing the estimated distance between Earth and the Moon...
 
He said when they went to the moon and was on the surface exploring they were told in no uncertain terms by whomever was already up there to leave and never come back.. NASA hasn't been back since
Damn he sure did....They are only allowed to send unmanned craft to look..They told them devils yall evil is confined to earth til he come handle yall.
Take it or leave it Elijah muhammad said they look at the earth as the junkyard of the universe
 
launch.gif


There is no platform on the moon for a vertical launch of the old shuttle.

space-shuttle-atlantis-landing-at-edwards-air-force-base-in-california-sept-17-2006.jpg


The shuttle doesn't have the aerodynamics of a plane.
There is no atmosphere on the moon to land the shuttle.
There is no runway.
The shuttle doesn't have the means to product enough thrust to lift off.


the shuttle itself does not land on the moon. it goes to the moon. just like the original rockets, the lunar orbiter launched a lunar lander. same thing the shuttle launches a luner lander from it's bay area to land on the moon.

"if" something like that ever happened. even i have been having my doubts. more so on the return voyage from the moon. there's things that don't add up. i'd love to believe it, but the math just doesn't compute for back then
 
China is pumping millions into their space program right now.

If China announced today a planned mission to Mars or the Moon and they plan on setting up Bases up there.

Overnight, Congress will increase NASA budget. They will have R&D a spacecraft and test flyed it by Christmas.

By this time next year they will be flying two rockets full throttle to Mars and the Moon to stake claim on real estate to set up US bases.

And if they by chance the US or China discovered Oil on Mars today....The US will have a rocket land on that rock by Christmas so fast, you be like...."What The Fuck?!".

China? Breh ain't nobody setting up shop on the moon except for the mofos that are there already.. you earth niggas ain't getting no where past the van Allen belt
 
There's no oil on the moon so there is no interest to go
No but there is tons of helium-3 fusion fuel up in that bitch...




Helium-3 Power Generation
Helium-3 (He3) is gas that has the potential to be used as a fuel in future nuclear fusion power plants. There is very little helium-3 available on the Earth. However, there are thought to be significant supplies on the Moon. Several governments have subsequently signalled their intention to go to the Moon to mine helium-3 as a fuel supply. Such plans may come to fruition within the next two to three decades and trigger a new Space Race.

In addition to the information below, you can also find out more about this topic in my Mining the Moon video or in my BBC interview here. There is also a good article by Fabrizio Bozzato in this June 2014 article for The Diplomat, which in turn is based on his extensive and excellent paper here. There is also a very good recent article here.

You may also want to checkout my broader page on resources from space.

Helium-3 and Nuclear Fusion
To provide a little background -- and without getting deeply into the science -- all nuclear power plants use a nuclear reaction to produce heat. This is used to turn water into steam that then drives a turbine to produce electricity. Current nuclear power plants have nuclear fission reactors in which uranium nuclei are split part. This releases energy, but also radioactivity and spent nuclear fuel that is reprocessed into uranium, plutonium and radioactive waste which has to be safety stored, effectively indefinitely. An overview of this nuclear fuel cycle can be found here.

For over 40 years scientists have been working to create nuclear power from nuclear fusion rather than nuclear fission. In current nuclear fusion reactors, the hydrogen isotopes tritium and deuterium are used as the fuel, with atomic energy released when their nuclei fuse to create helium and a neutron. Nuclear fusion effectively makes use of the same energy source that fuels the Sun and other stars, and does not produce the radioactivity and nuclear waste that is the by-product of current nuclear fission power generation. However, the so-termed "fast" neutrons released by nuclear fusion reactors fuelled by tritium and deuterium lead to significant energy loss and are extremely difficult to contain. One potential solution may be to use helium-3 and deuterium as the fuels in "aneutronic" (power without neutrons) fusion reactors. The involved nuclear reaction here when helium-3 and deuterium fuse creates normal helium and a proton, which wastes less energy and is easier to contain. Nuclear fusion reactors using helium-3 could therefore provide a highly efficient form of nuclear power with virtually no waste and no radiation. A short wall chart explaining this in more detail can be found here. The aforementioned fission and fusion nuclear reactions are also illustrated in animations in my Mining the Moon video.



Mining Helium-3 on the Moon
One of many problems associated with using helium-3 to create energy via nuclear fusion is that, at least on the Earth, helium-3 is very, very rare indeed. Helium-3 is produced as a by-product of the maintenance of nuclear weapons, which could net a supply of around 15Kg a year. Helium-3 is, however, emitted by the Sun within its solar winds. Our atmosphere prevents any of this helium-3 arriving on the Earth. However, as it does not have an atmosphere, there is nothing to stop helium-3 arriving on the surface of the Moon and being absorbed by the lunar soil. As a result, it has been estimated that there are around 1,100,000 metric tonnes of helium-3 on the surface of the Moon down to a depth of a few metres. This helium-3 could potentially be extracted by heating the lunar dust to around 600 degrees C, before bringing it back to the Earth to fuel a new generation of nuclear fusion power plants.

As reported in an Artemis Project paper, about 25 tonnes of helium-3 -- or a fully-loaded Space Shuttle cargo bay's worth -- could power the United States for a year. This means that helium-3 has a potential economic value in the order of $3bn a tonne -- making it the only thing remotely economically viable to consider mining from the Moon given current and likely-near-future space travel technologies and capabilities.

Due to the above it is perhaps hardly surprising that a serious interest is being taken in lunar helium-3. In 2006 Nikolai Sevastyanov, head of the Russian space corporation Energia, was reported to have said that Russia is planning to mine lunar helium-3, with a permanent Moon base to be established by 2015 and industrial-scale helium-3 production to commence by 2020. This clearly is not going to happen! American plans from the early noughties to "establish a permanent base on one of the Moon's poles by 2024", with helium-3 signalled as one of the reasons behind this mission, are also sadly likely to come to nothing.

The above noted, China's Lunar Exploration Programme is proceeding apace, and is being led by a scientist with a strong belied in potential helium-3 lunar mining. In December 2013, China managed to land a robot lander on the Moon, so successfully completing stage 3 of its Lunar Exploration Programme. By the end of 2017, the fifth and final stage of the current programme has the intention of sending a robotic craft to the Moon that will return lunar rocks to the Earth. If all goes well, a manned programme may follow in the 2020s, so laying the potential foundation for China to mine for helium-3 on the Moon in the 2030s or beyond . . .

A Flower in the Darkness?
The subject of mining helium-3 on the Moon as a fuel for future clean, safe nuclear power plants is a fascinating one that raises many questions. Some of these questions are highly technical, and relate to the feasibility of the involved nuclear physics. Other questions concern the not inconsiderable practicalities associated with getting to the Moon, mining and super-heating large quantities of lunar rock (Space.com have reported a suggestion of roughly one million tons of lunar soil being needed to be mined and processed for every 70 tonnes of helium-3 yield), and then getting the precious cargo back to the Earth. However, the far more interesting questions arguably relate to why this is a topic that is receiving so little media and public attention.

As noted above, several of the largest governments on the planet have on various occasions made announcements that they are either actively considering or would like to go to the Moon to mine helium-3. Whether or not the science will actually work, this is surely major news. Given that public debates concerning the construction of future nuclear fission power plants and even wind farms now rage with great vigour and a high media profile, why helium-3 power plants as part of a potential future energy strategy are rarely if ever even mentioned is exceptionally hard to fathom.

Nobody is trying to hide the potential of future lunar helium-3 power generation. However, like a rose in a dark room, there is a potential danger that something of beauty will fail to gain the light it requires if more attention does not start to be languished on what could end up as a very big part of the solution to Peak Oil and other fossil fuel resource depletion, not to mention climate change.
 
The residents of the moon were not happy with the humans who were there for military based reasons. They were instructed to leave and never come back. There were several extraterrestrial vehicles occupying the crater rim near where they landed, and many of the inhabitants were not pleased at the arrival of the mouth breathers! They had witnessed the savagery of the earthers and didn't care for their company.
 
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