Is Vivek Ramaswamy A Friend or Foe to the Black Community?



So I am an Indian and still live in India. I maintain a surface level awareness of the political happenings in America. But I hadn't heard about Vivek until one of my American clients brought him up in a conversation. He was a conservative and praised Vivek for upholding American values, which he said helped Vivek achieve the American dream even though his parents were poor when they immigrated to America.

I would have forgotten about Vivek, but two things about him make him stand out in my mind. First, his parents were from Kerala, which is where I am from. See, this is odd. Because Kerala is primarily a left-leaning state. The right wing parties struggle to win more than even a couple of districts there. While there are conservative folks in Kerala, they are really rare. Secondly, 'Ramaswamy', Vivek's last name, isn't a Kerala name (or Malayali name to be precise. Malayalam is the language spoken in Kerala). It is more of a Tamil name (Tamil being the language of Kerala's neighbour state).

This bugged me. So I mentioned this to my friend who is also from Kerala. I also mentioned that Vivek is from Palakkad in Kerala. That's when it hit him. Apparently, Palakkad has a settlement of Tamil Brahmins and Vivek is from there. I googled Vivek's caste after the call and, voila, he IS a Brahmin.

Now why I am saying all this and pointing out Vivek's caste? Because of a couple of reasons. Vivek claims his parents came to the country poor and worked their way up. A lot of Americans don't realise that immigration in India is an expensive affair. And the majority of the immigrants you guys received from India until a couple of decades ago were Brahmins and upper caste folks. Why? Because a very few from the marginalized castes could afford it.

So when Vivek touts the same bullshit as Elon Musk and other rich guys, I hope you take it with a pinch of salt.

Also, Tamil Brahmins are generally the worst of Brahmins. Many Brahmins in modern India are introspective about the atrocities of their caste in the past and shun the caste system. In fact, many of them abandoned their identity as a Brahmin. But not Tamil Brahmins. They wear it as a badge of honour. They go around calling themselves "Tam-Brahms" and still subscribe to the false sense of superiority and look down on others. They also strongly argue for removing 'reservations", which is Indian equivalent of affirmative action to uplift lower castes.

Given all this, is there any surprise that Vivek will advocate for removal of all affirmative action, dismiss all discussions about inequality, and a return to the "good old days"?

PS: Also, as more and more Indians enter your country, I really recommend that Americans familiarise themselves with the Caste system. It will help.
 


Racial Identity and American Citizenship in the Court | Asian Americans

https://thinktv.pbslearningmedia.or...d-american-citizenship-video/asian-americans/

Learn about the case of Bhagat Singh Thind (1923), a particularly important case in U.S. legal and immigration history and in how we perceive race and citizenship. Bhagat Singh Thind was from the Punjab region of India who came to the United States as a young man and joined the army, serving during World War I. After the war, he sought to become a naturalized citizen. During this period the United States were permitted Caucasions to appeal for citizenship, and Bhagat Singh Thind sought citizenship, through a legal process where he claimed that he was white. This legal fight went all the way to the Supreme Court. Ultimately, the Court found that even though he was Caucasian, he was not white.
 
I’m glad these non whites are coming out with their hatred for all you knuckleheads who just can’t get it. You POC minded niggaz. Like there’s this Dominican named Antonio Batista who shows nothing but hatred for black people and niggaz are so surprised. They conditioned themselves to think non whites are Allies. Whites aren’t the only enemies out here.

The Asian community smartly hide behind black polticians, I would like to see more of them run for political office exposing their true intentions, pandering to whites - attacking us. San Francisco is a perfect example, they could easily elect an Asian mayor. Maybe @Dr. Truth can chime in on this.

I have been talking about Indians for awhile on BGOL, he just affirms what I have been saying. I have seen them all black saboteurs, Indians, Asians, and many other clowns sent by whites to come after me. I have alot of experience with this type of pathetic behavior.

In any event, I would like to see them 'get ahead' without coming after us, than I will acknowledge their success.
 
Damn. This dot boy getting work. :lol:

But on the real side, all the damage Biden helped do to the black community from the 70s, 80s, 90,s and 00s(if one of you bitches ask what damage, kill yourself), and he still got forgiven and is up there with white jesus. All this fool has to do is flip parties and just say the right things and act like nothing happened and so will everyone else. :smh:

If you got heat for this dot boy for just SAYING shit, I'm sure you have the same energy for those who DID shit. Right? Right? :lol:
All he has to do is join the blue team and all will be forgiven. This is a politician gang war, nothing more nothing less.
 
Indians are highly integrated into white companies like Microsoft, HP, Intel, damn near run them. While Asians have their own companies that do business with us. I think Asians keep their views private because of their business relationships they want to maintain with us. They don't run for political office pandering to whites attacking us.

This stunt with the affirmative action lawsuit is Indian like desperate behavior out of character for them. Indians don't really have any businesses that we can protest ban for clowns like this.

It looks highly organized strategic planning on us.
 
main-qimg-5464473d727d9c265c00f16f81ae8bd0-lq
 
Define "white".
No melanin. She is from Bamberg, SC which is the epitome of a white southern town where you will see Confederate Flags flying and killing Deer is a sport like playing football...Her dad did teach at Voorhees College which is a HBCU in Denmark, SC but still. I know where her affiliation lies with...

She probably grew up wanting to be white her entire life living in Bamberg...
 
No melanin. She is from Bamberg, SC which is the epitome of a white southern town where you will see Confederate Flags flying and killing Deer is a sport like playing football...Her dad did teach at Voorhees College which is a HBCU in Denmark, SC but still. I know where her affiliation lies with...

She probably grew up wanting to be white her entire life living in Bamberg...

Then by that definition, she is white. Many Northern Indians, Central Asians, and Persians are of "Aryan" descent, as another poster noted, and identify themselves as coming from the same racial stock as Europeans.
 
Then by that definition, she is white. Many Northern Indians, Central Asians, and Persians are of "Aryan" descent, as another poster noted, and identify themselves as coming from the same racial stock as Europeans.
That might be true, but in Bamberg, SC and most of the USA she is an Indian. I guess if that's the case why did she change her name? Did she not want to be affiliated as an Indian? Why doesn't she go by her first name Nimarata?

I don't know alot of Indian Americans who changed their names to Bill, Kim, or whatever...

But again, I know little about their culture and what they consider themselves to be. I've worked with many Indians and went to graduate school with a few...
 
Man, if MSM don't stop crying about this cat, they going to build a Trump 2.0 like they did with the original in 2015. It's clear this guy has NO fucks to give. He is absent of all fucks. A black hole where fucks go to die.

And folks forget that most these cacs got Indian doctors so ain't like they won't fuck with him if they see the other side is pissed off. That's exactly how they started fucking with Trump. :smh:
 


So I am an Indian and still live in India. I maintain a surface level awareness of the political happenings in America. But I hadn't heard about Vivek until one of my American clients brought him up in a conversation. He was a conservative and praised Vivek for upholding American values, which he said helped Vivek achieve the American dream even though his parents were poor when they immigrated to America.

I would have forgotten about Vivek, but two things about him make him stand out in my mind. First, his parents were from Kerala, which is where I am from. See, this is odd. Because Kerala is primarily a left-leaning state. The right wing parties struggle to win more than even a couple of districts there. While there are conservative folks in Kerala, they are really rare. Secondly, 'Ramaswamy', Vivek's last name, isn't a Kerala name (or Malayali name to be precise. Malayalam is the language spoken in Kerala). It is more of a Tamil name (Tamil being the language of Kerala's neighbour state).

This bugged me. So I mentioned this to my friend who is also from Kerala. I also mentioned that Vivek is from Palakkad in Kerala. That's when it hit him. Apparently, Palakkad has a settlement of Tamil Brahmins and Vivek is from there. I googled Vivek's caste after the call and, voila, he IS a Brahmin.

Now why I am saying all this and pointing out Vivek's caste? Because of a couple of reasons. Vivek claims his parents came to the country poor and worked their way up. A lot of Americans don't realise that immigration in India is an expensive affair. And the majority of the immigrants you guys received from India until a couple of decades ago were Brahmins and upper caste folks. Why? Because a very few from the marginalized castes could afford it.

So when Vivek touts the same bullshit as Elon Musk and other rich guys, I hope you take it with a pinch of salt.

Also, Tamil Brahmins are generally the worst of Brahmins. Many Brahmins in modern India are introspective about the atrocities of their caste in the past and shun the caste system. In fact, many of them abandoned their identity as a Brahmin. But not Tamil Brahmins. They wear it as a badge of honour. They go around calling themselves "Tam-Brahms" and still subscribe to the false sense of superiority and look down on others. They also strongly argue for removing 'reservations", which is Indian equivalent of affirmative action to uplift lower castes.

Given all this, is there any surprise that Vivek will advocate for removal of all affirmative action, dismiss all discussions about inequality, and a return to the "good old days"?

PS: Also, as more and more Indians enter your country, I really recommend that Americans familiarise themselves with the Caste system. It will help.


I would suggest folks take this with a huge grain of salt.

Terms like "left-leaning" and "right-leaning" have dramatically different meanings from one country to the next.

For instance, universal healthcare is considered a left leaning concept for most Americans, but in Canada and the UK even the most conservative politicians advocate for it. The Green New deal is considered left leaning in the united states, but in Germany they have eco-fascists.

At the same time Donald Trump's xenophobic immigration policies would be considered liberal in Mexico, Saudi Arabia, or Japan.

He's right saying that immigration to United States is an expensive affair, but there are a LOT of caveats.

For instance, suppose his mom was born in the United States and moved to India as a child. In that case the process wouldn't cost much at all.

His parents could have immigrated to Canada first which would save them a lot of time and money getting naturalized in the United States.

Or maybe his parents came to the United States with a lot of money, but found out that their professional credentials weren't valid. In that case the money would have dried up while they restarted their professional lives working low-paid unskilled jobs.

As for the caste system, No! We definitely don't need to know about that here. People come to America to get away from that kind of bullshit and live their own lives.

In other words, this guy makes a lot of assumptions about people he doesn't know and a process he's never been through. Don't trust him!
 
I created this thread as a cautionary tale based on previous politicians who spoke elegantly and delivered nothing. Also, my reason was due to the little information I had regarding his political involvement until recently. He is/has strategically used Black platforms as part of his meteoric rise to the top of the Republican field, and I was curious to see who else is curious about him. Little by little, his hatred for Black people becomes evident. There are plenty of black Republicans who have and will embrace his disingenuous "pull yourself up by the bootstrap" message.

"Coon thinking" is condescending those who provoke conversation to reveal the truth.
Your thread is relevant because he's been coming into OUR communities trying to play act that he's down with us. Up until recently most didn't know who he was. Through this thread, the dirt on this dude is being exposed and the bgol uninformed are receiving information.
 
That might be true, but in Bamberg, SC and most of the USA she is an Indian. I guess if that's the case why did she change her name? Did she not want to be affiliated as an Indian? Why doesn't she go by her first name Nimarata?

I don't know alot of Indian Americans who changed their names to Bill, Kim, or whatever...

But again, I know little about their culture and what they consider themselves to be. I've worked with many Indians and went to graduate school with a few...

Put it like this. If I asked you to describe a valley girl, a texas rancher, a hillbilly, a Puerto rican, and a Wall Street bro you would probably have a very different description for each. But at the end of the day all of them are American.

India is the same way except they have nearly 5 times as many people.

It also depends on where you go in the US. If it's a city that has a large Indian population you'll be expected to conform to that. If it's a city with little or no Indian population you're expected to conform with whites.
 
Indians and Asians use very sophisticated techniques. Let say they are pushing for mass incarceration, they will be the victim, Asian Hate. When the defund the police movement was taking off, these 'Asian Hate' came out of nowhere. We get "Black Hate" all the time, Jacksonville is a perfect example. Or they will use various tactics to fuel crime such as car thefts, porch piracy, or push for felony laws. Indians will run for political office like Vivek and push for mass incarceration or attack affirmative action directly.

Asians will effeminately claim victimization from affirmative action or crime, even though they are over represented. It is hard to say somebody is a racist when they were victimized. Indians will push their agendas like a Vivek directly to your face.



You will be unlikely to see an Asian politician be like President Biden just spouting off that mass incarceration is needed. In his speech he does attempt this tactic in a hypothetical scenario that his family member was hit with a lead pipe, shoot my sister but it did not happen.
 
Last edited:
No melanin. She is from Bamberg, SC which is the epitome of a white southern town where you will see Confederate Flags flying and killing Deer is a sport like playing football...Her dad did teach at Voorhees College which is a HBCU in Denmark, SC but still. I know where her affiliation lies with...

She probably grew up wanting to be white her entire life living in Bamberg...
Crazy that her dad was teaching Black students. I wonder what those dinner table talks were like :smh:. We need to be able to staff the HBCU's with our own Black professors who love being black.
 
Put it like this. If I asked you to describe a valley girl, a texas rancher, a hillbilly, a Puerto rican, and a Wall Street bro you would probably have a very different description for each. But at the end of the day all of them are American.

India is the same way except they have nearly 5 times as many people.

It also depends on where you go in the US. If it's a city that has a large Indian population you'll be expected to conform to that. If it's a city with little or no Indian population you're expected to conform with whites.
Aren't you white?
 
Your thread is relevant because he's been coming into OUR communities trying to play act that he's down with us. Up until recently most didn't know who he was. Through this thread, the dirt on this dude is being exposed and the bgol uninformed are receiving information.
The guy you are quoting isn't uninformed. He's a fucking agent.
 
Crazy that her dad was teaching Black students. I wonder what those dinner table talks were like :smh:. We need to be able to staff the HBCU's with our own Black professors who love being black.
I 100% agree. The problem is that most HBCUs don’t get the research dollars like other institutions. My homie who is at Vanderbilt told me that most black PHDs will go to the big institutions to make money and get name recognition in their respective research area and then will transition to HBUCs as a way to give back once they have reached their career goals.

You are 100% right I definitely would like to be at those tables and curious to know what kind of professor he was.
 
Sigh. No.

Andamese people (black and asian mix from the Andaman island where they get their color), East Asians, and aboriginals of Australia.
You’re an idiot but we already knew that.

“From a study of the shared mitochondrial DNA types and the parsimony tree (Fig. 2) we came to the conclusion that the Indian population is closer to Caucasians and has an admixture with Asians”

 
Modern South Asians are descendants of a combination of an indigenous South Asian component (termed Ancient Ancestral South Indians, short "AASI"), closest to Southern Indian tribal groups, and distantly related to the Andamanese peoples, as well as to East Asian people, and Aboriginal Australians,[5][6] and later-arriving West Eurasian (Western-steppe herders/West Asian-related) and additional East/Southeast Asian components respectively.[6]You’re an idiot but we already knew that.

“From a study of the shared mitochondrial DNA types and the parsimony tree (Fig. 2) we came to the conclusion that the Indian population is closer to Caucasians and has an admixture with Asians”


Once again, it proves you're an idiot,

In that same study by one dude back in 96, it states
. The North Indian population appears to have a recent admixture of the Caucasian mtDNA types which is absent in the south.

THE YEAR IS 2023

Now with recent sources


Modern South Asians are descendants of a combination of an indigenous South Asian component (termed Ancient Ancestral South Indians, short "AASI"), closest to Southern Indian tribal groups, and distantly related to the Andamanese peoples, as well as to East Asian people, and Aboriginal Australians,[5][6] and later-arriving West Eurasian (Western-steppe herders/West Asian-related) and additional East/Southeast Asian components respectively.[6]

DUMBASS

HERE ARE 98 SOURCES PROVING YOU WRONG

  1. Kivisild T, Kaldma K, Metspalu M, Parik J, Papiha S, Villems R (1999). "The Place of the Indian Mitochondrial DNA Variants in the Global Network of Maternal Lineages and the Peopling of the Old World". Genomic Diversity. pp. 135–152. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4263-6_11. ISBN 978-1-4613-6914-1.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b Baig MM, Khan AA, Kulkarni KM (September 2004). "Mitochondrial DNA diversity in tribal and caste groups of Maharashtra (India) and its implication on their genetic origins". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (Pt 5): 453–460. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00108.x. PMID 15469422. S2CID 23032872.
  3. ^ Jump up to:a b Singh AK (2007). Science & Technology For Upsc. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 595. ISBN 978-0-07-065548-5. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Tripathy V, Nirmala A, Reddy BM (4 September 2017). "Trends in Molecular Anthropological Studies in India". International Journal of Human Genetics. 8 (1–2): 1–20. doi:10.1080/09723757.2008.11886015. S2CID 12763485.
  5. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i Narasimhan VM, Patterson N, Moorjani P, Rohland N, Bernardos R, Mallick S, et al. (September 2019). "The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia". Science. 365 (6457): eaat7487. doi:10.1126/science.aat7487. PMC 6822619. PMID 31488661.
  6. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Yelmen B, Mondal M, Marnetto D, Pathak AK, Montinaro F, Gallego Romero I, et al. (August 2019). "Ancestry-Specific Analyses Reveal Differential Demographic Histories and Opposite Selective Pressures in Modern South Asian Populations". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (8): 1628–1642. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz037. PMC 6657728. PMID 30952160. The two main components (i.e., autochthonous South Asian and West Eurasian) of Indian genetic variation form one of the deepest splits among non-African groups, which took place when South Asian populations separated from East Asian and Andamanese populations, shortly after having separated from West Eurasian populations (Mondal et al. 2016; Narasimhan et al. 2018).
  7. ^ Jump up to:a b c Yang MA (January 2022). "A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia". Human Population Genetics and Genomics. 2 (1): 1–32. doi:10.47248/hpgg2202010001. ISSN 2770-5005.
  8. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Reich D, Thangaraj K, Patterson N, Price AL, Singh L (September 2009). "Reconstructing Indian population history". Nature. 461 (7263): 489–494. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..489R. doi:10.1038/nature08365. PMC 2842210. PMID 19779445.
  9. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Broushaki F, Thomas MG, Link V, López S, van Dorp L, Kirsanow K, et al. (July 2016). "Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent". Science. 353 (6298): 499–503. Bibcode:2016Sci...353..499B. doi:10.1126/science.aaf7943. PMC 5113750. PMID 27417496.; Lay summary in: "Prehistoric genomes from the world's first farmers in the Zagros mountains reveal different Neolithic ancestry for Europeans and South Asians". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 26 November 2021. The research team found that the Iranian genomes represent the main ancestors of modern-day South Asians. ...the Zagros people of the Neolithic eastern Fertile Crescent that are ancestral to most modern South Asians...
  10. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Chaubey G (January 2015). "East Asian ancestry in India" (PDF). Indian Journal of Physical Anthropology and Human Genetics. 34 (2): 193–199. Here the analysis of genome wide data on Indian and East/Southeast Asian demonstrated their restricted distinctive ancestry in India mainly running along the foothills of Himalaya and northeastern part.
  11. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chaubey G, Metspalu M, Choi Y, Mägi R, Romero IG, Soares P, et al. (February 2011). "Population genetic structure in Indian Austroasiatic speakers: the role of landscape barriers and sex-specific admixture". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (2): 1013–1024. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq288. PMC 3355372. PMID 20978040.
  12. ^ Chaubey G, Kadian A, Bala S, Rao VR (10 June 2015). "Genetic Affinity of the Bhil, Kol and Gond Mentioned in Epic Ramayana". PLOS ONE. 10 (6): e0127655. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1027655C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127655. PMC 4465503. PMID 26061398. S2CID 848806.
  13. ^ Jump up to:a b c Das R, Upadhyai P (June 2019). "Investigating the West Eurasian ancestry of Pakistani Hazaras". Journal of Genetics. 98 (2): 43. doi:10.1007/s12041-019-1093-2. PMID 31204712. S2CID 145022010.
  14. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Lazaridis I, Nadel D, Rollefson G, Merrett DC, Rohland N, Mallick S, et al. (August 2016). "Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East". Nature. 536 (7617): 419–424. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..419L. doi:10.1038/nature19310. PMC 5003663. PMID 27459054.
  15. ^ Jump up to:a b c Chaubey G, Singh M, Crivellaro F, Tamang R, Nandan A, Singh K, et al. (December 2014). "Unravelling the distinct strains of Tharu ancestry". European Journal of Human Genetics. 22 (12): 1404–1412. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.36. PMC 4231405. PMID 24667789.
  16. ^ Jump up to:a b c Arciero E, Kraaijenbrink T, Haber M, Mezzavilla M, Ayub Q, Wang W, et al. (August 2018). "Demographic History and Genetic Adaptation in the Himalayan Region Inferred from Genome-Wide SNP Genotypes of 49 Populations". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 35 (8): 1916–1933. doi:10.1093/molbev/msy094. PMC 6063301. PMID 29796643.
  17. ^ Jump up to:a b Kanthimathi S, Vijaya M, Ramesh A (August 2008). "Genetic study of Dravidian castes of Tamil Nadu". Journal of Genetics. 87 (2): 175–9. doi:10.1007/s12041-008-0027-1. PMID 18776648. S2CID 31562710.
  18. ^ Jump up to:a b c Metspalu M, Romero IG, Yunusbayev B, Chaubey G, Mallick CB, Hudjashov G, et al. (December 2011). "Shared and unique components of human population structure and genome-wide signals of positive selection in South Asia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (6): 731–744. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.010. PMC 3234374. PMID 22152676.
  19. ^ Jump up to:a b Moorjani P, Thangaraj K, Patterson N, Lipson M, Loh PR, Govindaraj P, et al. (September 2013). "Genetic evidence for recent population mixture in India". American Journal of Human Genetics. 93 (3): 422–438. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.07.006. PMC 3769933. PMID 23932107.
  20. ^ Silva M, Oliveira M, Vieira D, Brandão A, Rito T, Pereira JB, et al. (March 2017). "A genetic chronology for the Indian Subcontinent points to heavily sex-biased dispersals". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 88. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0936-9. PMC 5364613. PMID 28335724.
  21. ^ Jump up to:a b Basu A, Sarkar-Roy N, Majumder PP (February 2016). "Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five distinct ancestral components and a complex structure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (6): 1594–1599. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.1594B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1513197113. PMC 4760789. PMID 26811443.
  22. ^ Jump up to:a b Cole AM, Cox S, Jeong C, Petousi N, Aryal DR, Droma Y, et al. (January 2017). "Genetic structure in the Sherpa and neighboring Nepalese populations". BMC Genomics. 18 (1): 102. doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3469-5. PMC 5248489. PMID 28103797.
  23. ^ Jump up to:a b Petraglia MD, Allchin B (22 May 2007). The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-5562-1.
  24. ^ Jump up to:a b c Shinde V, Narasimhan VM, Rohland N, Mallick S, Mah M, Lipson M, et al. (October 2019). "An Ancient Harappan Genome Lacks Ancestry from Steppe Pastoralists or Iranian Farmers". Cell. 179 (3): 729–735.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.048. PMC 6800651. PMID 31495572.
  25. ^ Pedro N, Brucato N, Fernandes V, André M, Saag L, Pomat W, et al. (October 2020). "Papuan mitochondrial genomes and the settlement of Sahul". Journal of Human Genetics. 65 (10): 875–887. doi:10.1038/s10038-020-0781-3. PMC 7449881. PMID 32483274.
  26. ^ Pugach I, Delfin F, Gunnarsdóttir E, Kayser M, Stoneking M (January 2013). "Genome-wide data substantiate Holocene gene flow from India to Australia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (5): 1803–1808. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.1803P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1211927110. PMC 3562786. PMID 23319617.
  27. ^ Majumder PP, Basu A (August 2014). "A genomic view of the peopling and population structure of India". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 7 (4): a008540. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a008540. PMC 4382737. PMID 25147176.
  28. ^ Larena M, Sanchez-Quinto F, Sjödin P, McKenna J, Ebeo C, Reyes R, et al. (March 2021). "Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (13): e2026132118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11826132L. doi:10.1073/pnas.2026132118. PMC 8020671. PMID 33753512.
  29. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Narasimhan VM, Anthony D, Mallory J, Reich D (2018). The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia. bioRxiv 10.1101/292581. doi:10.1101/292581. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-E7B3-0. S2CID 89658279.
  30. ^ Leonardo Vallini; Giulia Marciani; Serena Aneli; Eugenio Bortolini; Stefano Benazzi; Telmo Pievani; Luca Pagani (7 April 2022). "Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa". Genome Biology and Evolution. 14 (4). evac045. doi:10.1093/gbe/evac045. PMC 9021735. PMID 35445261.
  31. ^ Wang C, Zöllner S, Rosenberg NA (August 2012). "A quantitative comparison of the similarity between genes and geography in worldwide human populations". PLOS Genetics. 8 (8): e1002886. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002886. PMC 3426559. PMID 22927824.
  32. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Kivisild T, Papiha SS, Rootsi S, Parik J, Kaldma K, Reidla M, et al. (2000). An Indian Ancestry: a Key for Understanding Human Diversity in Europe and Beyond (PDF). McDonald Institute Monographs. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2006. Retrieved 11 November 2005.
  33. ^ Jump up to:a b c McDonald JD (2004). "Y Haplogroups of the World" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2004. Retrieved 24 October 2006.
  34. ^ Jump up to:a b Arunkumar G, Wei LH, Kavitha VJ, Syama A, Arun VS, Sathua S, et al. (2015). "A late Neolithic expansion of Y chromosomal haplogroup O2a1-M95 from east to west". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (6): 546–560. doi:10.1111/jse.12147. S2CID 83103649.
  35. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
  36. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Sahoo S, Singh A, Himabindu G, Banerjee J, Sitalaximi T, Gaikwad S, et al. (January 2006). "A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: evaluating demic diffusion scenarios". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (4): 843–848. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103..843S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507714103. PMC 1347984. PMID 16415161.
  37. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Thanseem I, Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Singh VK, Bhaskar LV, Reddy BM, et al. (August 2006). "Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA". BMC Genetics. 7: 42. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-7-42. PMC 1569435. PMID 16893451.
  38. ^ Jump up to:a b c Zhao Z, Khan F, Borkar M, Herrera R, Agrawal S (2009). "Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: a study of 560 Y chromosomes". Annals of Human Biology. 36 (1): 46–59. doi:10.1080/03014460802558522. PMC 2755252. PMID 19058044.
  39. ^ Jump up to:a b Reich D (2018). Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the new science of the human past. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-257040-6. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  40. ^ Perera N, Galhena G, Ranawaka G (June 2021). "X-chromosomal STR based genetic polymorphisms and demographic history of Sri Lankan ethnicities and their relationship with global populations". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 12748. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1112748P. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92314-9. PMC 8211843. PMID 34140598.
  41. ^ Oppenheimer S (2003). The Real Eve: Modern Man's Journey out of Africa. New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7867-1192-5.[page needed]
  42. ^ Jump up to:a b Puente XS, Velasco G, Gutiérrez-Fernández A, Bertranpetit J, King MC, López-Otín C (January 2006). "Comparative analysis of cancer genes in the human and chimpanzee genomes". BMC Genomics. 7: 15. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-7-15. PMC 1382208. PMID 16438707.
  43. ^ Jump up to:a b c Metspalu M, Kivisild T, Metspalu E, Parik J, Hudjashov G, Kaldma K, et al. (August 2004). "Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in south and southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans". BMC Genetics. 5: 26. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-5-26. PMC 516768. PMID 15339343.
  44. ^ Kivisild T, Bamshad MJ, Kaldma K, Metspalu M, Metspalu E, Reidla M, et al. (November 1999). "Deep common ancestry of indian and western-Eurasian mitochondrial DNA lineages". Current Biology. 9 (22): 1331–1334. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(00)80057-3. PMID 10574762. S2CID 2821966.
  45. ^ Jump up to:a b "Y-DNA Haplogroup H and its Subclades – 2015". Archived from the original on 1 November 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
  46. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Cordaux R, Aunger R, Bentley G, Nasidze I, Sirajuddin SM, Stoneking M (February 2004). "Independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages". Current Biology. 14 (3): 231–235. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024. PMID 14761656. S2CID 5721248.
  47. ^ Jump up to:a b c Singh S, Singh A, Rajkumar R, Sampath Kumar K, Kadarkarai Samy S, Nizamuddin S, et al. (January 2016). "Dissecting the influence of Neolithic demic diffusion on Indian Y-chromosome pool through J2-M172 haplogroup". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 19157. Bibcode:2016NatSR...619157S. doi:10.1038/srep19157. PMC 4709632. PMID 26754573.
  48. ^ Herrera RJ, Garcia-Bertrand R (2018). Ancestral DNA, Human Origins, and Migrations. Academic Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-12-804128-4.
  49. ^ Jump up to:a b Arunkumar G, Soria-Hernanz DF, Kavitha VJ, Arun VS, Syama A, Ashokan KS, et al. (2012). "Population differentiation of southern Indian male lineages correlates with agricultural expansions predating the caste system". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e50269. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...750269A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050269. PMC 3508930. PMID 23209694.
  50. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Sharma S, Rai E, Sharma P, Jena M, Singh S, Darvishi K, et al. (January 2009). "The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system". Journal of Human Genetics. 54 (1): 47–55. doi:10.1038/jhg.2008.2. PMID 19158816. S2CID 22162114.
  51. ^ Eaaswarkhanth M, Dubey B, Meganathan PR, Ravesh Z, Khan FA, Singh L, Thangaraj K, Haque I (June 2009). "Diverse genetic origin of Indian Muslims: evidence from autosomal STR loci". Journal of Human Genetics. 54 (6): 340–8. doi:10.1038/jhg.2009.38. PMID 19424286. S2CID 153224.
  52. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Qamar R, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Helgason A, Mazhar K, Mansoor A, et al. (May 2002). "Y-chromosomal DNA variation in Pakistan". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (5): 1107–1124. doi:10.1086/339929. PMC 447589. PMID 11898125.
  53. ^ Shah AM, Tamang R, Moorjani P, Rani DS, Govindaraj P, Kulkarni G, et al. (July 2011). "Indian Siddis: African descendants with Indian admixture". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (1): 154–161. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030. PMC 3135801. PMID 21741027.
  54. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Metspalu E, Parik J, Kaldma K, et al. (2003). "The Genetics of Language and Farming Spread in India" (PDF). In Bellwood P, Renfrew C (ed.). Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom. pp. 215–222.
  55. ^ Jump up to:a b c Pijpe J, de Voogt A, van Oven M, Henneman P, van der Gaag KJ, Kayser M, de Knijff P (May 2013). "Indian Ocean crossroads: human genetic origin and population structure in the Maldives". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 151 (1): 58–67. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22256. PMC 3652038. PMID 23526367.
  56. ^ Wells S (2007). Deep ancestry: inside the Genographic project. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. ISBN 978-1426201189.
  57. ^ Jump up to:a b Mahal DG, Matsoukas IG (20 September 2017). "Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population Reveals Several Different Ancient Origins". Frontiers in Genetics. 8: 121. doi:10.3389/fgene.2017.00121. PMC 5611447. PMID 28979290.
  58. ^ Wells S (2003). The Journey of Man. A Genetic Odyssey. New Delhi: Penguin Books India. p. 167.
  59. ^ Jump up to:a b McElreavey K, Quintana-Murci L (2005). "A population genetics perspective of the Indus Valley through uniparentally-inherited markers". Annals of Human Biology. 32 (2): 154–162. doi:10.1080/03014460500076223. PMID 16096211. S2CID 109014.
  60. ^ Zhao Z, Khan F, Borkar M, Herrera R, Agrawal S (2009). "Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: a study of 560 Y chromosomes". Annals of Human Biology. 36 (1): 46–59. doi:10.1080/03014460802558522. PMC 2755252. PMID 19058044.
  61. ^ Thangaraj K, Naidu BP, Crivellaro F, Tamang R, Upadhyay S, Sharma VK, et al. (December 2010). "The influence of natural barriers in shaping the genetic structure of Maharashtra populations". PLOS ONE. 5 (12): e15283. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...515283T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015283. PMC 3004917. PMID 21187967.
  62. ^ Thangaraj K, Naidu BP, Crivellaro F, Tamang R, Upadhyay S, Sharma VK, et al. (December 2010). Cordaux R (ed.). "The influence of natural barriers in shaping the genetic structure of Maharashtra populations". PLOS ONE. 5 (12): e15283. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...515283T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015283. PMC 3004917. PMID 21187967.
  63. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Basu A, Mukherjee N, Roy S, Sengupta S, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, et al. (October 2003). "Ethnic India: a genomic view, with special reference to peopling and structure". Genome Research. 13 (10): 2277–2290. doi:10.1101/gr.1413403. PMC 403703. PMID 14525929.
  64. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Firasat S, Khaliq S, Mohyuddin A, Papaioannou M, Tyler-Smith C, Underhill PA, Ayub Q (January 2007). "Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan". European Journal of Human Genetics. 15 (1): 121–126. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726. PMC 2588664. PMID 17047675.
  65. ^ Jump up to:a b c Sengupta et al. (2006)
  66. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Underhill PA, Myres NM, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Zhivotovsky LA, King RJ, et al. (April 2010). "Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a". European Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (4): 479–484. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.194. PMC 2987245. PMID 19888303.
  67. ^ Mirabal S, Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA, Verbenko DA, et al. (October 2009). "Y-chromosome distribution within the geo-linguistic landscape of northwestern Russia". European Journal of Human Genetics. 17 (10): 1260–1273. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.6. PMC 2986641. PMID 19259129.
  68. ^ Jump up to:a b c Underhill PA, Poznik GD, Rootsi S, Järve M, Lin AA, Wang J, et al. (January 2015). "The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a". European Journal of Human Genetics. 23 (1): 124–131. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.50. PMC 4266736. PMID 24667786.
  69. ^ Jump up to:a b c Pamjav H, Fehér T, Németh E, Pádár Z (December 2012). "Brief communication: new Y-chromosome binary markers improve phylogenetic resolution within haplogroup R1a1". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 149 (4): 611–615. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22167. PMID 23115110. S2CID 4820868.
  70. ^ Fornarino S, Pala M, Battaglia V, Maranta R, Achilli A, Modiano G, et al. (July 2009). "Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9: 154. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-154. PMC 2720951. PMID 19573232.
  71. ^ Manoukian JG (2006). "A Synthesis of Haplogroup R2" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2015.
  72. ^ Jump up to:a b Mondal M, Bergström A, Xue Y, Calafell F, Laayouni H, Casals F, et al. (May 2017). "Y-chromosomal sequences of diverse Indian populations and the ancestry of the Andamanese". Human Genetics. 136 (5): 499–510. doi:10.1007/s00439-017-1800-0. hdl:10230/34399. PMID 28444560. S2CID 3725426.
  73. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Kumar V, Reddy AN, Babu JP, Rao TN, Langstieh BT, Thangaraj K, et al. (March 2007). "Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: 47. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-47. PMC 1851701. PMID 17389048.
  74. ^ Eaaswarkhanth M, Haque I, Ravesh Z, Romero IG, Meganathan PR, Dubey B, et al. (March 2010). "Traces of sub-Saharan and Middle Eastern lineages in Indian Muslim populations". European Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (3): 354–363. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.168. PMC 2859343. PMID 19809480.
  75. ^ Jump up to:a b Reddy BM, Langstieh BT, Kumar V, Nagaraja T, Reddy AN, Meka A, et al. (November 2007). "Austro-Asiatic tribes of Northeast India provide hitherto missing genetic link between South and Southeast Asia". PLOS ONE. 2 (11): e1141. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2.1141R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001141. PMC 2065843. PMID 17989774.
  76. ^ Jump up to:a b c Zhang X, Liao S, Qi X, Liu J, Kampuansai J, Zhang H, et al. (October 2015). "Y-chromosome diversity suggests southern origin and Paleolithic backwave migration of Austro-Asiatic speakers from eastern Asia to the Indian subcontinent". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 15486. Bibcode:2015NatSR...515486Z. doi:10.1038/srep15486. PMC 4611482. PMID 26482917.
  77. ^ Jump up to:a b c Su B, Xiao C, Deka R, Seielstad MT, Kangwanpong D, Xiao J, et al. (December 2000). "Y chromosome haplotypes reveal prehistorical migrations to the Himalayas". Human Genetics. 107 (6): 582–590. doi:10.1007/s004390000406. PMID 11153912. S2CID 36788262.
  78. ^ Shi H, Dong YL, Wen B, Xiao CJ, Underhill PA, Shen PD, et al. (September 2005). "Y-chromosome evidence of southern origin of the East Asian-specific haplogroup O3-M122". American Journal of Human Genetics. 77 (3): 408–419. doi:10.1086/444436. PMC 1226206. PMID 16080116. S2CID 45130020.
  79. ^ Gayden T, Cadenas AM, Regueiro M, Singh NB, Zhivotovsky LA, Underhill PA, et al. (May 2007). "The Himalayas as a directional barrier to gene flow". American Journal of Human Genetics. 80 (5): 884–894. doi:10.1086/516757. PMC 1852741. PMID 17436243.
  80. ^ Indian Genome Variation Consortium (April 2008). "Genetic landscape of the people of India: a canvas for disease gene exploration". Journal of Genetics. 87 (1): 3–20. doi:10.1007/s12041-008-0002-x. PMID 18560169. S2CID 21473349.
  81. ^ "The Place of the Indian mtDNA Variants in the Global Network of Maternal Lineages and the Peopling of the Old World" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  82. ^ "Ethnologue report for Indo-European". Ethnologue.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  83. ^ Baldi P (1990). Linguistic Change and Reconstruction Methodology. Walter de Gruyter. p. 342. ISBN 978-3-11-011908-4.
  84. ^ Bradley D (2015). "Languages and language families in China". Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics. Leiden: Brill. doi:10.1163/2210-7363_ecll_COM_00000219. MK in the wider sense including the Munda languages of eastern South Asia is also known as Austroasiatic.
  85. ^ Bamshad M, Kivisild T, Watkins WS, Dixon ME, Ricker CE, Rao BB, et al. (June 2001). "Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations". Genome Research. 11 (6): 994–1004. doi:10.1101/gr.GR-1733RR. PMC 311057. PMID 11381027.
  86. ^ Mukherjee N, Nebel A, Oppenheim A, Majumder PP (December 2001). "High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from Central Asia and West Asia into India". Journal of Genetics. 80 (3): 125–135. doi:10.1007/BF02717908. PMID 11988631. S2CID 13267463.
  87. ^ Gallego Romero 2011, p. 9.
  88. ^ Jump up to:a b Rob Mitchum (2011), Lactose Tolerance in the Indian Dairyland, ScienceLife
  89. ^ Moorjani P, Thangaraj K, Patterson N, Lipson M, Loh PR, Govindaraj P, et al. (September 2013). "Genetic evidence for recent population mixture in India". American Journal of Human Genetics. 93 (3): 422–438. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.07.006. PMC 3769933. PMID 23932107.
  90. ^ Jump up to:a b Chaubey G, Endicott P (June 2013). "The Andaman Islanders in a regional genetic context: reexamining the evidence for an early peopling of the archipelago from South Asia". Human Biology. 85 (1–3): 153–172. doi:10.3378/027.085.0307. PMID 24297224. S2CID 7774927.
  91. ^ Majumder PP (February 2010). "The human genetic history of South Asia". Current Biology. 20 (4): R184–R187. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.053. PMID 20178765. S2CID 1490419.
  92. ^ Pathak AK, Kadian A, Kushniarevich A, Montinaro F, Mondal M, Ongaro L, et al. (December 2018). "The Genetic Ancestry of Modern Indus Valley Populations from Northwest India". American Journal of Human Genetics. 103 (6): 918–929. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.022. PMC 6288199. PMID 30526867.
  93. ^ Yang MA (6 January 2022). "A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia". Human Population Genetics and Genomics. 2 (1): 1–32. doi:10.47248/hpgg2202010001. ISSN 2770-5005. Rapid diversification of an ancestral Asian population led to at least three Asian lineages, associated with Australasians and Negritos (AA), South Asians and Andamanese Islanders (AASI), and East and Southeast Asians (ESEA).
  94. ^ Watkins WS, Prasad BV, Naidu JM, Rao BB, Bhanu BA, Ramachandran B, et al. (November 2005). "Diversity and divergence among the tribal populations of India". Annals of Human Genetics. 69 (Pt 6): 680–692. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2005.00200.x. PMID 16266407. S2CID 31907598.
  95. ^ Reddy BM, Naidu VM, Madhavi VK, Thangaraj LK, Kumar V, Langstieh BT, et al. (December 2005). "Microsatellite diversity in Andhra Pradesh, India: genetic stratification versus social stratification". Human Biology. 77 (6): 803–823. doi:10.1353/hub.2006.0018. PMID 16715839. S2CID 18446485.
  96. ^ Vishwanathan H, Deepa E, Cordaux R, Stoneking M, Usha Rani MV, Majumder PP (March 2004). "Genetic structure and affinities among tribal populations of southern India: a study of 24 autosomal DNA markers". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (Pt 2): 128–138. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00083.x. PMID 15008792. S2CID 24230856.
  97. ^ Jump up to:a b Lipson M, Cheronet O, Mallick S, Rohland N, Oxenham M, Pietrusewsky M, et al. (July 2018). "Ancient genomes document multiple waves of migration in Southeast Asian prehistory". Science. 361 (6397): 92–95. Bibcode:2018Sci...361...92L. doi:10.1126/science.aat3188. PMC 6476732. PMID 29773666.
  98. ^ Singh PP, Vishwakarma S, Sultana GN, Pilvar A, Karmin M, Rootsi S, et al. (March 2021). "Dissecting the paternal founders of Mundari (Austroasiatic) speakers associated with the language dispersal in South Asia". European Journal of Human Genetics. 29 (3): 528–532. doi:10.1038/s41431-020-00745-1. PMC 7940493. PMID 33087879. S2CID 224824515.
 
Last edited:
Back
Top