What Are They?
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
What is HPV?
HPV infects the body inside and outside:
The human papillomavirus or HPV is one of the most common family of viruses in the world today. HPV is also the world's most common sexually transmitted infection and is transmitted by skin-to-skin (including sexual) contact. HPV infects cells inside and outside of the body. These include surfaces of the skin, lining of the mouth, tongue, throat, tonsils, vagina, penis, cervix, and anus.
Most people who get HPV don't have any signs or symptoms and may unknowingly spread the disease. HPV is not related to HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus, which can cause AIDS). However, people with HIV have weakened immune systems and are therefore likely to be infected with various germs, including one or more types of HPV.
Different health risks caused by different types
There are many different types of HPV viruses. Over 80 types of HPV have been reliably identified, but researchers believe there are likely over 200. Some types of HPV can cause common skin warts and plantar warts (warts on the soles of the feet), while over 30 other types of HPV affect the anogenital tract (on or between the anus and genitals).
Of those HPV types that can cause genital infections:
* Some types (such as 16 and 18) can cause pre-cancerous lesions, cervical cancer and other genital cancers and are referred to as carcinogenic or 'high-risk HPV types'.
* Other types (such as 6 and 11) can lead to genital warts and are referred to as 'low-risk HPV types' because they rarely cause cancer.
Skin warts
The most visible types of HPV are skin warts (common, plantar or flat) that develop on areas of the skin such as the hands, arms, legs and bottom of the feet. HPV infections of this type are very common, harmless, non-cancerous, and easily treated.
Genital warts
Not to be confused with skin warts, genital warts (also known as condylomata acuminatum) are mostly caused by HPV types 6 and 11. In women, genital warts can appear on the vulva, urethra, cervix, anus or thighs. In men, they can appear on the penis, scrotum, anus or thighs.
Pre-cancerous lesions
In women, HPV can infect cells on the vagina and cervix where they can't be seen. These lesions (medically known as dysplasia, or abnormal cells of the cervix) are considered to be a pre-cancerous condition. HPV is one of the most frequent causes of cervical dysplasia. There are three types of cervical dysplasia: mild, moderate and severe. Left untreated, dysplasia can progress to cervical cancer.
Cancers
Carcinogenic types of HPV cause most cervical cancers and 70% are caused by HPV types 16 and 18. These types may also be linked to oral and penile cancers. Research has shown a strong link between anal cancer and HPV 16.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
What is HPV?
HPV infects the body inside and outside:
The human papillomavirus or HPV is one of the most common family of viruses in the world today. HPV is also the world's most common sexually transmitted infection and is transmitted by skin-to-skin (including sexual) contact. HPV infects cells inside and outside of the body. These include surfaces of the skin, lining of the mouth, tongue, throat, tonsils, vagina, penis, cervix, and anus.
Most people who get HPV don't have any signs or symptoms and may unknowingly spread the disease. HPV is not related to HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus, which can cause AIDS). However, people with HIV have weakened immune systems and are therefore likely to be infected with various germs, including one or more types of HPV.
Different health risks caused by different types
There are many different types of HPV viruses. Over 80 types of HPV have been reliably identified, but researchers believe there are likely over 200. Some types of HPV can cause common skin warts and plantar warts (warts on the soles of the feet), while over 30 other types of HPV affect the anogenital tract (on or between the anus and genitals).
Of those HPV types that can cause genital infections:
* Some types (such as 16 and 18) can cause pre-cancerous lesions, cervical cancer and other genital cancers and are referred to as carcinogenic or 'high-risk HPV types'.
* Other types (such as 6 and 11) can lead to genital warts and are referred to as 'low-risk HPV types' because they rarely cause cancer.
Skin warts
The most visible types of HPV are skin warts (common, plantar or flat) that develop on areas of the skin such as the hands, arms, legs and bottom of the feet. HPV infections of this type are very common, harmless, non-cancerous, and easily treated.
Genital warts
Not to be confused with skin warts, genital warts (also known as condylomata acuminatum) are mostly caused by HPV types 6 and 11. In women, genital warts can appear on the vulva, urethra, cervix, anus or thighs. In men, they can appear on the penis, scrotum, anus or thighs.
Pre-cancerous lesions
In women, HPV can infect cells on the vagina and cervix where they can't be seen. These lesions (medically known as dysplasia, or abnormal cells of the cervix) are considered to be a pre-cancerous condition. HPV is one of the most frequent causes of cervical dysplasia. There are three types of cervical dysplasia: mild, moderate and severe. Left untreated, dysplasia can progress to cervical cancer.
Cancers
Carcinogenic types of HPV cause most cervical cancers and 70% are caused by HPV types 16 and 18. These types may also be linked to oral and penile cancers. Research has shown a strong link between anal cancer and HPV 16.


