First the facts
Moon Statistics
Mass (kg) 7.349e+22
Mass (Earth = 1) 1.2298e-02
Equatorial radius (km) 1,737.4
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 2.7241e-01
Mean density (gm/cm^3) 3.34
Mean distance from Earth (km) 384,400
Rotational period (days) 27.32166
Orbital period (days) 27.32166
Average length of lunar day (days) 29.53059
Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 1.03
Orbital eccentricity 0.0549
Tilt of axis (degrees) 1.5424
Orbital inclination (degrees) 5.1454
Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec^2) 1.62
Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec) 2.38
Visual geometric albedo 0.12
Magnitude (Vo) -12.74
Mean surface temperature (day) 107°C
Mean surface temperature (night) -153°C
Maximum surface temperature 123°C
Minimum surface temperature -233°C
Next the greenhouse effect:
True, the effect warms the lower atmosphere of the earth.
Stick your hand on top of a black car in south GA in August and see what happens.

The RADIANT heat from the sun heats the metal of the car hot enough to burn you.

And that's only some of the radiant energy of the sun, the rest is blocked by the atmosphere, Ozone, etc. The moon has no atmosphere as we all know, so pick up a metal hammer and watch it melt your rubber glove. Take a golf club and shove it in your oven at 230 degrees f, and watch the magic. Better yet, put your 60's adding machine in there.
Now on to this guy...
Perhaps i should have clarified myself. If it satellite were heading for earth on a near miss trajectory (much like the lander would have been on) it would not automatically be grabbed into orbit by the pull of the earth or moon. You need to be accurate with your measurements, thrusts, velocity, angles, etc in order to enter the orbit of a moon that you are trying to near miss.
and as far as your no moon station answer....the biggest thing we're trying to do now is land on mars, a moon base would be very logical, not to mention the tons of research that could be done on the rock that orbits our planet. And since you say we've "successfully" been there more than twice, it would seem logical to you too that we build a base
THINK OUTSIDE OF WHAT PEOPLE TELL YOU. USE YOUR BRAIN INDEPENDENTLY AND ANALYZE WHAT MAKES SENSE.