We gotta read these act they are passing..
Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012
A BILL
To amend the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 to authorize the domestic dissemination of information and material about the United States intended primarily for foreign audiences, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the “Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012”.
SEC. 2. DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES.
(a) United States Information And Educational Exchange Act Of 1948.—Section 501 of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1461) is amended to read as follows:
“(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors may, upon request and reimbursement of the reasonable costs incurred in fulfilling such a request, make available, in the United States, motion pictures, films, video, audio, and other materials prepared for dissemination abroad or disseminated abroad pursuant to this Act, the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6201 et seq.), the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465 et seq.), or the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465aa et seq.). The Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall issue necessary regulations—
“(A) to establish procedures to maintain such material;
“(B) for reimbursement of the reasonable costs incurred in fulfilling requests for such material; and
“(C) to ensure that the persons seeking release of such material have secured and paid for necessary United States rights and licenses.
“(2) With respect to material prepared for dissemination abroad or disseminated abroad before the effective date of the Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012—
“(A) the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall make available to the Archivist of the United States, for domestic distribution, motion pictures, films, videotapes, and other material 12 years after the initial dissemination of the material abroad; and
“(B) the Archivist shall be the official custodian of the material and shall issue necessary regulations to ensure that persons seeking its release in the United States have secured and paid for necessary United States rights and licenses and that all costs associated with the provision of the material by the Archivist shall be paid by the persons seeking its release, in accordance with paragraph (3).
“(3) The Archivist may charge fees to recover the costs described in paragraph (2), in accordance with section 2116(c) of title 44. Such fees shall be paid into, administered, and expended as part of the National Archives Trust Fund.
“(c) Nothing in this section may be construed to require the Secretary or the Broadcasting Board of Governors to make material disseminated abroad available in any format other than in the format disseminated abroad.”.
(b) Rule Of Construction.—Nothing in this section may be construed to affect the allocation of funds appropriated or otherwise made specifically available for public diplomacy.
(c) Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 And 1987.—Section 208 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987 (22 U.S.C. 1461–1a) is amended to read as follows:
“SEC. 208. CLARIFICATION ON DOMESTIC DISTRIBUTION OF PROGRAM MATERIAL.
“(a) In General.—No funds authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall be used to influence public opinion in the United States. This section shall apply only to programs carried out pursuant to the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6201 et seq.), the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465 et seq.), and the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465aa et seq.). This section shall not prohibit or delay the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from providing information about its operations, policies, programs, or program material, or making such available, to the media, public, or Congress, in accordance with other applicable law.
“(b) Rule Of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from engaging in any medium or form of communication, either directly or indirectly, because a United States domestic audience is or may be thereby exposed to program material, or based on a presumption of such exposure. Such material may be made available within the United States and disseminated, when appropriate, pursuant to sections 502 and 1005 of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1462 and 1437), except that nothing in this section may be construed to authorize the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors to disseminate within the United States any program material prepared for dissemination abroad on or before the effective date of the Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012.
“(c) Application.—The provisions of this section shall apply only to the Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of Governors and to no other department or agency of the Federal Government.”.
(d) Conforming Amendments.—The United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 is amended—
(1) in section 502 (22 U.S.C. 1462)—
(A) by inserting “and the Broadcasting Board of Governors” after “Secretary”; and
(B) by inserting “or the Broadcasting Board of Governors” after “Department”; and
(2) in section 1005 (22 U.S.C. 1437), by inserting “and the Broadcasting Board of Governors” after “Secretary” each place it appears.
(e) Effective Date.—This Act shall take effect and apply on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
The NDAA Legalized Domestic Propoganda
By
William McKinney
-
December 7, 2016
0
The digital age has complicated the balance between national security and personal freedoms. Proponents of national security point to the U.K.’s ‘snooper’s charter,’ but the U.S. has been allocating surveillance power to its government as well. In 2013, the National Defense Authorization Act repealed an act that forbids domestic propaganda, prompting U.S. citizens to wonder why it became legal.
Media outlets have flourished by offering content for a multitude of devices that have become essential for day to day life. In the U.S., those outlets were mostly privately owned businesses. The 2013 NDAA amendment changed that dynamic.
The NDAA is an annual act presented before the U.S. House of Representatives. Each year the law determines the budget and expenditures for the Department of Defense, but it also includes other provisions, and 2013 brought a provision that allowed the government to broadcast the media that it distributes in countries around the world. This effectively gives the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) media broadcasting capabilities and nullifies a previous law disallowing them from attempting to influence U.S. public opinion.
” THE AMENDMENT IS PART OF AN EFFORT OF SENIOR LEADERS TO ALLOW THE DIRECT DEPLOYMENT OF INFORMATION OPERATIONS (IO) TACTICS ON THE AMERICAN PUBLIC.”
The NDAA of 2013 and its Implications
Representatives Mac Thornberry and Adam Smith proposed the 2013 NDAA. Its passage nullified the Smith-Mundt Act of 1948, which forbade the government to operate with the goal of influencing U.S. public opinion. Without that limitation, the DoD can supersede mainstream media to release their own news.
According to Lt. Col Daniel Davis, the amendment is part of an effort of senior leaders to allow the direct deployment of Information Operations (IO) tactics on the American public. IO operations include the employment of such tactics as electronic warfare, psychological operations, and military deception, so there is a cause for concern in putting this much power into the hands of the U.S. Government. Despite this concern, Texas House Representative Mac Thornberry assured the public that “This gives Americans the chance to see what the State Department is saying to people all over the world.”
Repealing the Smith-Mundt Act may have an adverse impact on the American public as data research enhances media’s prevalence in the average citizen’s life.
Concerns for the Future
IO operations alone is enough to make an internet freedom advocate shiver. Yet, combine that with advances in surveillance technology, and you have something in which everyone should take notice.
For example, AI technology can process enormous amounts of data thanks to deep learning neural networks. As these networks analyze, they are better able to understand greater context and as a result, they develop better methods for solving given problems.
This could be a powerful tool for State controlled media to assess the ideal form for propaganda. Even the amount of personal information on social media sites such as Facebook can be an invaluable aid in gathering information on public opinion.
U.S. citizens have a duty to be aware of potential that the 2013 NDAA allows. Given the media-savvy incoming President-elect Trump, one can only speculate over whether domestic propaganda will remain legal or not.
Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012
A BILL
To amend the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 to authorize the domestic dissemination of information and material about the United States intended primarily for foreign audiences, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the “Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012”.
SEC. 2. DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES.
(a) United States Information And Educational Exchange Act Of 1948.—Section 501 of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1461) is amended to read as follows:
“GENERAL AUTHORIZATION
“(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors may, upon request and reimbursement of the reasonable costs incurred in fulfilling such a request, make available, in the United States, motion pictures, films, video, audio, and other materials prepared for dissemination abroad or disseminated abroad pursuant to this Act, the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6201 et seq.), the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465 et seq.), or the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465aa et seq.). The Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall issue necessary regulations—
“(A) to establish procedures to maintain such material;
“(B) for reimbursement of the reasonable costs incurred in fulfilling requests for such material; and
“(C) to ensure that the persons seeking release of such material have secured and paid for necessary United States rights and licenses.
“(2) With respect to material prepared for dissemination abroad or disseminated abroad before the effective date of the Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012—
“(A) the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall make available to the Archivist of the United States, for domestic distribution, motion pictures, films, videotapes, and other material 12 years after the initial dissemination of the material abroad; and
“(B) the Archivist shall be the official custodian of the material and shall issue necessary regulations to ensure that persons seeking its release in the United States have secured and paid for necessary United States rights and licenses and that all costs associated with the provision of the material by the Archivist shall be paid by the persons seeking its release, in accordance with paragraph (3).
“(3) The Archivist may charge fees to recover the costs described in paragraph (2), in accordance with section 2116(c) of title 44. Such fees shall be paid into, administered, and expended as part of the National Archives Trust Fund.
“(c) Nothing in this section may be construed to require the Secretary or the Broadcasting Board of Governors to make material disseminated abroad available in any format other than in the format disseminated abroad.”.
(b) Rule Of Construction.—Nothing in this section may be construed to affect the allocation of funds appropriated or otherwise made specifically available for public diplomacy.
(c) Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 And 1987.—Section 208 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987 (22 U.S.C. 1461–1a) is amended to read as follows:
“SEC. 208. CLARIFICATION ON DOMESTIC DISTRIBUTION OF PROGRAM MATERIAL.
“(a) In General.—No funds authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall be used to influence public opinion in the United States. This section shall apply only to programs carried out pursuant to the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6201 et seq.), the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465 et seq.), and the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465aa et seq.). This section shall not prohibit or delay the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from providing information about its operations, policies, programs, or program material, or making such available, to the media, public, or Congress, in accordance with other applicable law.
“(b) Rule Of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from engaging in any medium or form of communication, either directly or indirectly, because a United States domestic audience is or may be thereby exposed to program material, or based on a presumption of such exposure. Such material may be made available within the United States and disseminated, when appropriate, pursuant to sections 502 and 1005 of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1462 and 1437), except that nothing in this section may be construed to authorize the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors to disseminate within the United States any program material prepared for dissemination abroad on or before the effective date of the Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012.
“(c) Application.—The provisions of this section shall apply only to the Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of Governors and to no other department or agency of the Federal Government.”.
(d) Conforming Amendments.—The United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 is amended—
(1) in section 502 (22 U.S.C. 1462)—
(A) by inserting “and the Broadcasting Board of Governors” after “Secretary”; and
(B) by inserting “or the Broadcasting Board of Governors” after “Department”; and
(2) in section 1005 (22 U.S.C. 1437), by inserting “and the Broadcasting Board of Governors” after “Secretary” each place it appears.
(e) Effective Date.—This Act shall take effect and apply on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
The NDAA Legalized Domestic Propoganda
By
William McKinney
-
December 7, 2016
0
The digital age has complicated the balance between national security and personal freedoms. Proponents of national security point to the U.K.’s ‘snooper’s charter,’ but the U.S. has been allocating surveillance power to its government as well. In 2013, the National Defense Authorization Act repealed an act that forbids domestic propaganda, prompting U.S. citizens to wonder why it became legal.
Media outlets have flourished by offering content for a multitude of devices that have become essential for day to day life. In the U.S., those outlets were mostly privately owned businesses. The 2013 NDAA amendment changed that dynamic.
The NDAA is an annual act presented before the U.S. House of Representatives. Each year the law determines the budget and expenditures for the Department of Defense, but it also includes other provisions, and 2013 brought a provision that allowed the government to broadcast the media that it distributes in countries around the world. This effectively gives the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) media broadcasting capabilities and nullifies a previous law disallowing them from attempting to influence U.S. public opinion.
” THE AMENDMENT IS PART OF AN EFFORT OF SENIOR LEADERS TO ALLOW THE DIRECT DEPLOYMENT OF INFORMATION OPERATIONS (IO) TACTICS ON THE AMERICAN PUBLIC.”
The NDAA of 2013 and its Implications
Representatives Mac Thornberry and Adam Smith proposed the 2013 NDAA. Its passage nullified the Smith-Mundt Act of 1948, which forbade the government to operate with the goal of influencing U.S. public opinion. Without that limitation, the DoD can supersede mainstream media to release their own news.
According to Lt. Col Daniel Davis, the amendment is part of an effort of senior leaders to allow the direct deployment of Information Operations (IO) tactics on the American public. IO operations include the employment of such tactics as electronic warfare, psychological operations, and military deception, so there is a cause for concern in putting this much power into the hands of the U.S. Government. Despite this concern, Texas House Representative Mac Thornberry assured the public that “This gives Americans the chance to see what the State Department is saying to people all over the world.”
Repealing the Smith-Mundt Act may have an adverse impact on the American public as data research enhances media’s prevalence in the average citizen’s life.
Concerns for the Future
IO operations alone is enough to make an internet freedom advocate shiver. Yet, combine that with advances in surveillance technology, and you have something in which everyone should take notice.
For example, AI technology can process enormous amounts of data thanks to deep learning neural networks. As these networks analyze, they are better able to understand greater context and as a result, they develop better methods for solving given problems.
This could be a powerful tool for State controlled media to assess the ideal form for propaganda. Even the amount of personal information on social media sites such as Facebook can be an invaluable aid in gathering information on public opinion.
U.S. citizens have a duty to be aware of potential that the 2013 NDAA allows. Given the media-savvy incoming President-elect Trump, one can only speculate over whether domestic propaganda will remain legal or not.
