UPDATE: Donald Trump Takes Office as the 47th US President
- Thread starter DC_Dude
- Start date
still haven't answered the question.
what is she doing specifically for blacks?
you rambled things under Biden and gave him credit for the economy LOL. You trying to pass off credit but let's examine your bullshit.
student debt was for everyone, not just black
hbcus are not black owned, thats like more money went to univ of nebraska
black wealth increased and so did everyone else, thats not specific to us, but the wealth gap actually increased between blacks and whites.
source - https://www.brookings.edu/articles/black-wealth-is-increasing-but-so-is-the-racial-wealth-gap/
I think you may not want to take credit for that.
that business plan helped everyone. good it helped a few people you know but most blacks dont own businesses
COMPLETE LIE about healthcare coverage. you are comparing covering from ten years ago and then saying she doubled it. lol. im sure if you look at rates from 1936, she is doing a great job too! compare to last administration for a real number. very misleading
you did the same thing with the poverty rates.
but here is the truth since you want to give the president responsibility of the economy
We have 40% of us in federal prison, we have the highest incarceration rates, we still have longer sentences with no prison reform under this administration, 48% of those serving life or black even though we are 12% of the population
we are owed reparations that other groups have received and other Americans have benefited from. her response was to study more as the study has been ongoing since the 70s
as for everyone - inflation is crazy, prices are through the roof
housing is unaffordable
most people need 2 or 3 jobs just to survive
Biden had historically low numbers from voters for confidence in the economy
she supports genocide and Israel, giving them 3.3 billion a year for no reason but don't have money for reparations
they allow immigrants in this country of certain countries and refused to allow Haitians seeking asylum
This is a dumb question. Imagine feeding two starving people and then one asks “But what have you done specifically for me?”
An action’s benefit to others does not invalidate the benefit to you.
If you are familiar with Heather McGhee’s The Sum Of Us, she explains how this pathology infected white people during segregation.
100%
I hardly use this term but this dude is a coon and a liar.
CACs have always used "identity politics" and the fact that a Black man is using CAC terms is telling.
CACs have always voted for White men because they were white men, but he gets upset at a Black woman for saying she's voting for Kamala for the same reason. FOH.
You said a whole lot of nothing and pulled the other shit out yo ass. If you don't know the significance of funding HBCU you ain't black. Dumbest shit I ever heard from a CAC.still haven't answered the question.
what is she doing specifically for blacks?
you rambled things under Biden and gave him credit for the economy LOL. You trying to pass off credit but let's examine your bullshit.
student debt was for everyone, not just black
hbcus are not black owned, thats like more money went to univ of nebraska
black wealth increased and so did everyone else, thats not specific to us, but the wealth gap actually increased between blacks and whites.
source - https://www.brookings.edu/articles/black-wealth-is-increasing-but-so-is-the-racial-wealth-gap/
I think you may not want to take credit for that.
that business plan helped everyone. good it helped a few people you know but most blacks dont own businesses
COMPLETE LIE about healthcare coverage. you are comparing covering from ten years ago and then saying she doubled it. lol. im sure if you look at rates from 1936, she is doing a great job too! compare to last administration for a real number. very misleading
you did the same thing with the poverty rates.
but here is the truth since you want to give the president responsibility of the economy
We have 40% of us in federal prison, we have the highest incarceration rates, we still have longer sentences with no prison reform under this administration, 48% of those serving life or black even though we are 12% of the population
we are owed reparations that other groups have received and other Americans have benefited from. her response was to study more as the study has been ongoing since the 70s
as for everyone - inflation is crazy, prices are through the roof
housing is unaffordable
most people need 2 or 3 jobs just to survive
Biden had historically low numbers from voters for confidence in the economy
she supports genocide and Israel, giving them 3.3 billion a year for no reason but don't have money for reparations
they allow immigrants in this country of certain countries and refused to allow Haitians seeking asylum
Kamala Harris - Vice President of the United States Howard University
Norma Holloway Johnson - Federal Judge University of the District of Columbia
Thurgood Marshall - Supreme Court Justice Howard University
Raphael Warnock - U.S. Senator Morehouse College
Keisha Lance Bottoms - Mayor of Atlanta Florida A&M University
Stacey Abrams - Political Leader and Activist Spelman College
Andrew Young - Former U.N. Ambassador Howard University
Kurt Schmoke - First Elected Black Mayor of Baltimore Howard University
Leah Ward Sears - First African American Female Chief Justice Spelman College
Willie Gary - Prominent Trial Attorney Shaw University
Jesse Jackson Sr. - Civil Rights Activist North Carolina A&T State University
David Dinkins - Former Mayor of New York City Howard University
Amos T. Hall - Prominent Civil Rights Attorney Langston University
Charlotte E. Ray - First Black Female Lawyer in the U.S. Howard University
Al Green - U.S. Representative Texas Southern University
Keith Ellison - Attorney General of Minnesota University of Minnesota (Undergrad), Howard University Law School (Graduate)
Barbara Charline Jordan - First African American elected to the Texas Senate after Reconstruction Texas Southern University
Augusta Clark - Philadelphia City Council West Virginia State
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. - Civil Rights Pioneer Morehouse College
Thurgood Marshall - Supreme Court Justice Lincoln University, PA (BA), Howard University (LLB)
Rosa Parks - Civil Rights Activist Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes (Alabama State University)
Jesse Jackson Sr. - Civil Rights Leader North Carolina A&T State University
John Lewis - Civil Rights Leader and Politician American Baptist College, Fisk University
Ella Baker - Civil Rights and Human Rights Activist Shaw University
Ralph Abernathy - Civil Rights Leader Alabama State University
Benjamin Hooks - Civil Rights Leader LeMoyne-Owen College
Andrew Young - Civil Rights Activist and Politician Howard University
Fred Shuttlesworth - Civil Rights Activist Alabama State College
Diane Nash - Civil Rights Activist Fisk University
Julian Bond - Civil Rights Leader Morehouse College
Marian Wright Edelman - Activist for Children's Rights Spelman College
Booker T. Washington - Educator and Civil Rights Leader Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute
Leon Sullivan - Civil Rights Leader and Social Activist West Virginia State College
HBCU Alumni in the Limelight
Oprah Winfrey Media/Philanthropy The Oprah Winfrey ShowSamuel L. Jackson Acting Pulp Fiction, Marvel Cinematic Universe
Spike Lee Film Directing Do the Right Thing, Malcolm X
Toni Morrison Literature Beloved, Song of Solomon
Taraji P. Henson Acting Empire, Hidden Figures
Katherine Johnson Mathematics NASA Space Missions
Erykah Badu Music Baduizm, Neo-Soul Movement
Chadwick Boseman Acting Black Panther, 42
Langston Hughes Literature The Weary Blues, Harlem Renaissance
Phylicia Rashad Acting The Cosby Show, A Raisin in the Sun
Common Music/Acting Be, John Wick: Chapter 2
George Washington Carver Science Agricultural Innovations
Alice Walker Literature The Color Purple
Debbie Allen Dance/Acting Fame, Grey's Anatomy
W.E.B. Du Bois Literature/Sociology The Souls of Black Folk
Ralph Ellison Literature Invisible Man
Lionel Richie Music Hello, Commodores
Roscoe Lee Browne Acting Stage and Film Career
Will Packer Film Producing Girls Trip, Think Like a Man
Aisha 'Pinky' Cole Entrepreneurship Founder of Slutty Vegan
Anika Noni Rose Acting Dreamgirls, The Princess and the Frog
2 Chainz Music Rap Music, Multiple Hit Albums
Megan Thee Stallion Music Rap Artist, 'Savage'
Hadiyah-Nicole Green Science Laser cancer treatment
Jerry Rice - Retired NFL Hall of Famer and Super Bowl Champion Mississippi Valley State University
Art Shell - 1st African-American Head Coach in the modern NFL era University of Maryland Eastern Shore
Francena Mccorory - Track and Field Olympic Gold Medalist Hampton University
Michael Strahan - Retired NFL Hall of Famer and Super Bowl Champion Texas Southern University
Walter Payton - Retired NFL Hall of Famer Jackson State University
Shannon Sharpe - Retired NFL Hall of Famer Savannah State University
Rick Mahorn - Retired NBA Champion Hampton University
Willie Lanier - Retired NFL Hall of Famer Morgan State University
Althea Gibson - Tennis and Golf Champion Florida A&M University
Willie Davenport - Olympic Track and Field Athlete Southern University
Mel Blount - Retired NFL Hall of Famer Southern University
Deacon Jones - Retired NFL Hall of Famer South Carolina State University
Bob Hayes - Retired NFL Player and Olympic Gold Medalist Florida A&M University
Doug Williams - Super Bowl Winning Quarterback Grambling State University
Steve McNair - Retired NFL Player Alcorn State University
Lou Brock - Retired MLB Hall of Famer Southern University
FACT SHEET: Biden-Harris Administration Announces New Actions to Build Black Wealth and Narrow the Racial Wealth Gap
One hundred years ago, the thriving Black community of Greenwood in Tulsa, Oklahoma, known as “Black Wall Street,” was ruthlessly attacked by a violent white supremacist mob. An estimated 300 Black Americans were killed and another 10,000 were left destitute and homeless.The destruction wrought on the Greenwood neighborhood and its families was followed by laws and policies that made recovery nearly impossible. The streets were redlined, locking Black Tulsans out of homeownership and access to credit. Federal highways built through the heart of Greenwood cut off families and businesses from economic opportunity. And chronic disinvestment by the federal government in Black entrepreneurs and small businesses denied Black Wall Street a fair shot at rebuilding. These are the stories of Greenwood, but they have echoes in countless Black communities across the country.
Because disparities in wealth compound like an interest rate, the disinvestment in Black families in Tulsa and across the country throughout our history is still felt sharply today. The median Black American family has thirteen cents for every one dollar in wealth held by White families.
Today, on the centennial of the Tulsa Race Massacre, the Biden-Harris Administration is announcing new steps to help narrow the racial wealth gap and reinvest in communities that have been left behind by failed policies. Specifically, the Administration is expanding access to two key wealth-creators – homeownership and small business ownership – in communities of color and disadvantaged communities.
The Administration will:
- Take action to address racial discrimination in the housing market, including by launching a first-of-its-kind interagency effort to address inequity in home appraisals, and conducting rulemaking to aggressively combat housing discrimination.
- Use the federal government’s purchasing power to grow federal contracting with small disadvantaged businesses by 50 percent, translating to an additional $100 billion over five years, and helping more Americans realize their entrepreneurial dreams.
- A new $10 billion Community Revitalization Fund to support community-led civic infrastructure projects that create innovative shared amenities, spark new local economic activity, provide services, build community wealth, and strengthen social cohesion.
- $15 billion for new grants and technical assistance to support the planning, removal, or retrofitting of existing transportation infrastructure that creates a barrier to community connectivity, including barriers to mobility, access, or economic development.
- A new Neighborhood Homes Tax Credit to attract private investment in the development and rehabilitation of affordable homes for low- and moderate-income homebuyers and homeowners.
- $5 billion for the Unlocking Possibilities Program, an innovative new grant program that awards flexible and attractive funding to jurisdictions that take steps to reduce needless barriers to producing affordable housing and expand housing choices for people with low or moderate incomes.
- $31 billion in small business programs that will increase access to capital for small businesses and provide mentoring, networking, and other forms of technical assistance to socially and economically disadvantaged businesses seeking to access federal contracts and participate in federal research and development investments.
Additionally, the Biden-Harris Administration is taking on discrimination in home appraisals. A 2018 Brookings study found that homes in majority-Black neighborhoods are often valued at tens of thousands of dollars less than comparable homes in similar—but majority-White—communities. And the crisis is worsening: a recent study found that the gap between the appraised value of homes in predominantly White neighborhoods compared to comparable homes in predominantly Black and Latino neighborhoods nearly doubled between 1980 and 2015. The impact of these disparities in home appraisals can be sweeping, limiting homeowners’ ability to properly benefit from refinancing or re-selling their homes at higher valuations and thereby contributing to the already-sprawling racial wealth gap.
President Biden is charging Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Marcia Fudge with leading a first-of-its-kind interagency initiative to address inequity in home appraisals. The effort will seek to utilize, quickly, the many levers at the federal government’s disposal, including potential enforcement under fair housing laws, regulatory action, and development of standards and guidance in close partnership with industry and state and local governments, to root out discrimination in the appraisal and homebuying process. These are the kinds of policies and practices that keep Black families in Greenwood and across the nation from building generational wealth through homeownership.
Using the Government’s Purchasing Power to Drive an Additional $100 Billion to Small Disadvantaged Business Owners. The federal government is the largest consumer of goods in the world, buying everything from software to elevator services to financial and asset management, Federal procurement is one of our most powerful tools to advance equity and build wealth in underserved communities. And yet, just roughly 10 percent of federal agencies’ total eligible contracting dollars typically go to small disadvantaged businesses (SDB), a category under federal law for which Black-owned, Latino-owned, and other minority-owned businesses are presumed to qualify. Increasing federal spending with these businesses will help more Americans realize their entrepreneurial dreams and help narrow racial wealth gaps. In 2019, for instance, the gap in business ownership between Black and Latino households, relative to White households, accounted for 25 percent of the overall racial wealth gap between these groups.
Today, the Biden-Harris Administration is launching an all-of-government effort to expand contracting opportunities for underserved small businesses across the country. At its center is a new goal: increasing the share of contracts going to small disadvantaged businesses by 50 percent by 2026—translating to an additional $100 billion to SDBs over the 5-year period. To achieve this goal, agencies will assess every available tool to lower barriers to entry and increase opportunities for small businesses and traditionally-underserved entrepreneurs to compete for federal contracts. The impact could be historic: all told, attainment of the new goal will represent the biggest increase in SDB contracting since data was first collected more than 30 years ago.
Detailing the President’s Proposal for Historic Investments to Build Wealth and Opportunity More Equitably, Including in Communities of Color. Today the Biden-Harris Administration is also releasing new details of President Biden’s American Jobs Plan, which will make historic investments in building wealth and opportunity in Black and other communities of color. The American Jobs Plan will:
- Create a Community Revitalization Fund to Support Community-Led Civic Infrastructure. The American Jobs Plan calls for a new $10 billion Community Revitalization Fund based at the Department of Housing and Urban Development to support community-led civic infrastructure projects in urban, suburban, and rural areas that create innovative shared amenities, spark new local economic activity, provide services, build community wealth, and strengthen social cohesion. The Fund would be targeted to economically underdeveloped and underserved communities, including those, like Greenwood, that suffer from the effects of persistent poverty, historic economic disinvestment, and ongoing displacement of longtime residents.
- Invest directly in community-led projects that benefit residents. The Community Revitalization Fund will provide $500 million in planning grants and $9.5 billion in implementation funds to community-based organizations, non-profits, community development corporations (CDCs), and their partners, centering the community as direct beneficiaries and drivers of project outcomes. These grants will flow to persistent poverty counties, high-poverty census tracts, and areas both at risk of or rapidly gentrifying. Recognizing that a legacy of underinvestment may mean some communities lack capacity to build complex projects or apply for federal grants, the Fund will seek partnerships with philanthropy, community development financial institutions (CDFIs), and local government to provide technical assistance and capacity-building support.
- Activate vacant land and buildings to create community amenities. The Community Revitalization Fund will support a wide range of projects, including: upgrading access to natural areas, adaptive reuse of vacant buildings and storefronts to provide low-cost space for services and community entrepreneurs (such as health centers, arts and cultural spaces, job training programs, business incubators, and community marketplaces), and removing toxic waste to create new parks, greenways, urban agriculture, and community gardens. The Fund will promote the best of American equitable and resilient design, advancing the Biden-Harris Administration’s Justice40 climate goals and building a strong link between past and future. This includes in-fill development that reknits areas damaged by urban renewal and the revitalization of commercial corridors with locally-owned businesses and services.
- Strengthen social cohesion and build community wealth. The Community Revitalization Fund will prioritize projects that strengthen social cohesion through shared use and civic engagement, and build community wealth and equity for existing residents. The Fund will encourage innovative approaches to achieve those goals, including land acquisition, creation of new businesses and stronger connections to existing employment centers, establishment of community investment trusts and similar wealth-building models, and projects that provide for intercultural and intergenerational mixing.
- Spark new local economic activity and unlock private capital. The Community Revitalization Fund will support projects that show potential to spark new local commercial activity and unlock private investment for further equitable development, with a strong vision of continued community benefit. The Fund will encourage collaboration with CDFIs to leverage additional resources, and integration with existing federal economic development resources and tax credits to drive upward community mobility. The Fund will also support pilot projects, tactical urbanism projects, pop-up spaces for local retail, and other smaller-scale interventions that build activity and opportunity for residents.
- Retrofit Transportation Infrastructure to Reconnect Neighborhoods.Too often, past transportation investments meant to provide greater access instead divided low-income communities, displacing and disconnecting people from their homes, work, and families. Recognizing this history and committed to redressing it, President Biden proposes funding specifically for neighborhoods where historic transportation investments cut people off from jobs, schools, and businesses. This proposal will support the planning, removal, or retrofitting of existing transportation infrastructure that creates a barrier to community connectivity, including barriers to mobility, access, or economic development.
- Planning and TA grants. These can be used for planning studies and public engagement activities to evaluate the feasibility of infrastructure removal or retrofitting, building organizational or community capacity, transportation planning, and identifying innovative solutions to infrastructure challenges, including reconnecting communities impacted by disruptive infrastructure or those lacking safe, reliable, and affordable transportation choices. It will prioritize grantmaking to historically disadvantaged, underserved and overburdened communities.
- Capital grants. These may be used to support infrastructure construction, demolition, and all necessary feasibility and related planning activities, community partnerships, and anti-displacement and equitable neighborhood revitalization strategies including land banking and equitable transit-oriented development. The minimum grant size will be $5 million and will prioritize communities most impacted by past inequitable infrastructure development.
In addition, the Department of Transportation will establish a new Thriving Communities program to support communities with eliminating persistent transportation barriers and increasing access to jobs, school, and businesses. This initiative seeks to invest $5 billion in historically marginalized communities and bring everyone to the table to ensure that more communities have clean, robust, and affordable transportation options, including high-quality transit, equitable neighborhood revitalization, and other enhancements to improve neighborhood quality of life and address climate change.
- Enact a New Neighborhood Homes Tax Credit. The American Jobs Plan calls for a new Neighborhood Homes Tax Credit to attract private investment in the development and rehabilitation of affordable homes for low- and moderate-income homebuyers and homeowners. These tax credits will increase homeownership opportunities and asset-building for underserved communities, reduce blight and vacant properties, and create thousands of good-paying jobs. The Neighborhood Homes Tax Credit will:
- Encourage investment in homes that cost more to redevelop than they can sell for on the open market. Across the country, millions of homes are in poor condition with property values that are too low to support new construction or substantial renovation. Approximately 40 percent of U.S. housing stock is at least 50 years old and more than 15 million properties are vacant even as families struggle to find affordable housing. In many neighborhoods, these properties make it difficult to attract or retain local homebuyers, reducing property values and community wealth. Modeled after the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit and the New Markets Tax Credit, state housing finance agencies would receive an annual allocation of Neighborhood Homes Tax Credits based on population. Each state’s housing finance agency would then award tax credits to project sponsors—developers, lenders, or local governments—through a competitive application process. Sponsors would use the credits to raise investment capital for their projects, and the investors could claim the credits against their federal income tax when the homes are sold and occupied by eligible homebuyers. These tax credits would cover the difference between total development costs (including acquisition, rehabilitation, demolition, and construction) and the sales price. This would, for example, make it financially viable to spend $120,000 acquiring and rehabilitating a vacant property that would only sell for $100,000 on the open market by offering a $20,000 tax credit to cover the difference.
- Bolster homeownership rates for low- and moderate-income homebuyers in underserved communities, while protecting against gentrification. The U.S. is home to stark and persistent disparities in homeownership and wealth. Across the country, just 49 percent of Hispanic Americans and 45 percent of Black Americans own their own homes, compared to 74 percent of White Americans. Hispanic and Black households also have just a fraction of the wealth of their White counterparts. As home prices rise, the Neighborhood Homes Tax Credit will make a generational investment in homeownership affordability. Specifically, only homes that are located in census tracts with poverty rates of at least 130 percent of the area poverty rate, median family income below 80 percent of area median income, and median home values lower than the area median value are eligible for the credit. This covers approximately 1 in 4 census tracts nationwide – the most underserved communities in America. Homes that are redeveloped using the credit may only sell for four times the area median family income, and homebuyers cannot have incomes exceeding 140 percent of the area median family income. This will enable low- and moderate-income buyers – including homebuyers of color – to purchase their own homes and build wealth.
- Incentivize Ending Exclusionary Zoning and Expanding Housing Choices. Exclusionary zoning laws – like minimum lot sizes, mandatory parking requirements, and prohibitions on multifamily housing – inflate housing and construction costs and lock families out of neighborhoods with more opportunities. In the American Jobs Plan, President Biden is calling on Congress to enact the Unlocking Possibilities Program, an innovative, new $5 billion competitive grant program that awards flexible and attractive funding to jurisdictions that take concrete steps to eliminate needless barriers to producing affordable housing and expand housing choices for people with low or moderate incomes.
- Grant program for community engagement, technical assistance and analysis that will help communities identify the most powerful levers to produce more affordable housing;
- Investment and incentives to implement land-use and zoning policies that remove needless barriers to needed housing; and
- Extensive evaluation and development agenda to identify the policy changes that most effectively encourage affordable housing production.
- Invest $31 Billion to Scale Up Efforts to Support Minority-Owned Small Businesses. Too many small businesses owned by people of color struggle to access loans and federal programs that can help them grow and succeed. President Biden has proposed a historic effort to tackle these persistent challenges and empower small business creation and expansion in communities of color. Specifically, the President’s American Jobs Plan will invest $30 billion in new Small Business Administration (SBA) initiatives that will reduce barriers to small business ownership and success. These initiatives will increase access to capital by establishing a new direct loan program for the smallest businesses, developing new loan products to support small manufacturers and businesses that invest in clean energy, and launching a new Small Business Investment Corporation that will make early stage equity investments in small businesses with priority for those owned by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals. The American Jobs Plan will also invest billions of dollars in SBA technical assistance programs that incubate and offer mentoring and technical assistance to 8(a) firms, reinforce the American subcontracting network to create pathways to prime contracting, encourage Fortune 500 firms to diversify their procurements, and bring more socially and economically disadvantaged businesses into federal research and development programs. These investments will also include an innovative new $1 billion grant program through the Minority Business Development Agency that will help minority-owned manufacturers access private capital.
The Economics of HBCUs
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have been essential institutions for educating Black Americans since the early 19th century. Before the legal integration of education in the 1950s and 1960s, Black students were prevented from obtaining higher education at many state and private colleges. This led to the establishment of colleges and universities with the explicit mission of educating Black students. Although the legal landscape, social fabric, and education system of the United States has changed significantly since the mid-1900s, many of the schools founded during that era to educate Black students still exist today and carry forward their rich legacy of higher education for more than 180 years as HBCUs: Congressionally defined as institutions established before 1964 with the primary mission of educating Black Americans.This issue brief highlights a few key facts about the importance of HBCUs in the higher education and economic mobility of Black Americans and highlights historic administration actions to support them:
- HBCUs have long been engines of upward mobility for students who, due to systemic racism and discrimination, had limited access to other higher education options. Although they make up less than 3 percent of all postsecondary institutions in the U.S., HBCUs account for 8 percent of Black undergraduate enrollment and 13 percent of all bachelor’s degrees earned by Black students.
- Recent research indicates that HBCUs provide more access to higher education for lower-income students than other institutions, foster greater upward mobility than most U.S. colleges, and excel in terms of degree completion rates for students: about 30 percent of HBCU students will move up at least two income quintiles from their parents by age 30. This is nearly double that of non-HBCUs, where only 18 percent will do so.
- HBCUs produce all of these positive outcomes in the face of historic underfunding relative to peer institutions: both systematic underfunding via public sources such as state appropriations as well as less private funding as evidenced by smaller endowments.
- The Biden-Harris Administration has shown a historic commitment to supporting HBCUs through calls to equalize state funding, federal investments via the American Rescue Plan, and fostering a government-wide approach to uplifting HBCUs.
History of Black Postsecondary Education in the U.S.
Although the first recorded Black student enrolled in an American post-secondary institution enrolled at the turn of the nineteenth century, and the first bachelor’s degrees awarded to Black men and women were awarded in 1823 and 1862, respectively, educational opportunities for Black students were long suppressed. In 1837, the first HBCU was established with the express goal of educating Black Americans for gainful employment. The majority of these institutions were established in the decades immediately following the Emancipation Proclamation in 1865. Until post-secondary education was legally desegregated by Brown v. Board of Education, nearly all Black students were educated at what are now known as HBCUs.
Today, despite comprising a small fraction of U.S. higher education institutions, HBCUs have continued to make major contributions to the academic achievements of Black Americans. As of 2022, 99 accredited HBCUs operate across 19 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands (Figure 1). While they accounted for just 8 percent of Black undergraduate enrollment in 2021, HBCUs conferred 13 percent of all bachelor’s degrees earned by Black students and nearly one quarter of all bachelor’s degrees earned by Black students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) (NCES, 2024; George-Joseph and Kodnani, 2023).
Return on Investment at HBCUs
Recent evidence shows that HBCUs’ outsized impact reflects their very large “value added”—that is, HBCUs improve student outcomes by a larger margin than many other schools.Important early research compared those who enrolled at HBCUs and Traditionally White Institutions (TWIs) and found that HBCU matriculation was associated with higher wages and an increased probability of graduation in the 1970s, but that this was no longer the case by the 1990s. This “fading-out” of the benefits of HBCUs over time called into question the relative benefits of HBCUs in present day. Much of the older literature, however, looks only at individuals who ultimately enroll in college. In other words, previous work assumed that if a student did not attend a four-year HBCU, they would still go on to attend a four-year college or university. More recent research shows that this assumption often does not hold: there are significant numbers of Black men and women who likely would not make it to college at all absent HBCUs, casting serious doubt on the initial conclusion that HBCU may no longer confer benefits on Black students.
Specifically, Edwards et al. (2023) use a sample of over one million Black SAT takers between 2004 and 2010, and find that, because of differences in application patterns, students who apply to HBCUs are less likely than their peers to go to a four-year college without the opportunity to enroll in an HBCU. Specifically, the fallback option for students who send their SAT score to at least one HBCU is more likely to be a two-year school or no college. This shows that (a) the typical Black student who enrolls at an HBCU may be very different than one who enrolls at a non-HBCU, and (b) ignoring the role of HBCUs in promoting 4-year college enrollment may drastically understate the benefits of enrolling in an HBCU for subsequent outcomes. Using a more appropriate basis for comparison (i.e., all students who enrolled at an HBCU versus those that did not), the authors found that enrolling in an HBCU was associated with a 14.6 percentage point increase in the probability of earning a BA and 5 percent higher household income by around age 30.
Due to HBCUs’ large, positive effects on enrollees, and because they are more likely than other schools, on average, to enroll students from disadvantaged backgrounds, HBCUs are powerful engines of upward social mobility. Research from Chetty et al. (2020) uses data from anonymized tax records to explore how colleges help or hinder social mobility. Among the HBCUs included in the sample (roughly half of all four-year HBCUs), about 24 percent of students at the average HBCU are from families in the bottom 20 percent of the income distribution – more than twice the rate of the average four-year school.
In addition, Figure 3 shows that about 30 percent of all students in four-year HBCUs ascend two or more income quintiles between childhood and age 30. This contrasts with four-year non-HBCUs, where only 18 percent of students do the same; the share is slightly higher at public four-year institutions. If we compare HBCUs to elite, predominantly white institutions like Yale, Princeton, and Harvard, roughly 10 percent of students achieve the same mobility. This discrepancy stems from two factors: (1) elite institutions enroll fewer students who can move up two income quintiles (because they are more likely to enter in one of the top two income quintiles), and (2) HBCUs both admit a large number of students from the bottom of the income distribution and successfully move them up the income distribution, thus generating social mobility.
What Drives This Success?
Survey research highlights that HBCUs’ unique ability to foster upward mobility may be due to higher rates of mentorship, support, and experiential learning opportunities compared to non-HBCU institutions (Price and Viceisza, 2023). Qualitative research in sociology and psychology also finds that HBCUs are effective in cultivating a sense of belonging and a “culture of success” among students, aligning with their degree granting and graduation patterns. Beyond their excellence in educating Black students, HBCUs offer a unique space for students who have been historically excluded from predominantly white institutions. This was the founding mission of HBCUs: to educate Black students when other institutions wouldn’t. Today, despite having the choice to attend any institution, more Black students are choosing HBCUs (see Figure 4). The increase in HBCU enrollment over the last two years contrasts with the overall decline at other postsecondary institutions nationwide. Moreover, there has been a historic spike in applications to HBCUs since 2020: some HBCUs reported up to a 30 percent increase in applications between the 2019 and 2021 cycles.
Historic Underfunding of HBCUs
Standard economic theory (and common sense) dictates that when particular sectors are highly productive, one should invest more heavily in these sectors. However, this has not been the case with HBCUs—which historically have been relatively underfunded. We discuss the details of this below.First, public HBCUs have been historically underfunded compared to their non-HBCU peers, especially those institutions that are land-grant universities. Under the Second Morrill Act of 1980, states opening a second land-grant university to serve Black students were required to provide an equitable distribution of state funds to each institution. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the Departments of Education and Agriculture found state-level discrepancies in per student funding that aggregate to severe financial gaps: $172 million to $2.1 billion per state between 1987 and 2020. Research finds that funding, especially at public institutions, can have significant impacts on downstream student outcomes: increases in state appropriations can reduce student debt burdens and—at the two-year level—can improve degree attainment (Chakrabarti et al, 2020) and increased spending has important, positive impacts on postsecondary enrollment, persistence, and completion (Deming and Walters, 2017).
Across both public and private institutions, HBCUs have much smaller endowments than non-HBCUs, owing in-part to historic inequities and discriminatory practices—such as redlining and blockbusting—that have led to large racial wealth gaps that can contribute to racial gaps in giving. Indeed, research shows that per full-time student, the endowment for public HBCUs was about 50 percent of the endowment for public non-HBCUs in 2021. The gap is larger at private institutions, where the average HBCU endowment per full time student is about 21 percent of non-HBCUs. Despite several high-profile private donations to HBCUs since 2020, the endowment gap has grown over time, especially recently at private institutions (Figure 5).
Discrepancies in both private and public funding leave HBCUs to be highly reliant on tuition and fees for funding. This creates a fundamental mismatch with the needs of Black students, who are more likely to come from lower-income families and need additional financial supports. These funding structures are particularly problematic in times of economic downturn; whereas other institutions are able to leverage a combination of endowments and public funding to minimize tuition increases and offset operating costs, HBCUs are left to rely more heavily on revenue from tuition and fees and may be more likely to raise tuition.
Administration Efforts
The Biden-Harris Administration has taken historic action in supporting HBCUs, recognizing their high return on investment despite generations of unequal funding. In September 2023, the Secretaries of Agriculture and Education called on 16 states to rectify a $12 billion funding discrepancy between land-grant HBCUs and their non-HBCU counterparts. States have failed to fulfill their legal obligation to provide equitable funding to HBCUs for nearly four decades, and the Biden-Harris Administration has underscored the need to right these historical wrongs. The Administration has also invested over $16 billion in HBCUs through the American Rescue Plan, capital finance debt relief, grant funding to expand academic capacity, and financial aid and other educational benefits for HBCU-enrolled students and veterans.HBCUs have particularly benefited from the Administration’s higher education funding initiatives. First, although the Pell grant program is race neutral, HBCU students are more likely to meet the eligibility requirements than their non-HBCU peers, meaning that the recent $900 increase in Pell Grants, the largest in a decade, has made college more affordable for the 75 percent of HBCU students who rely on these grants. The Administration’s Saving on a Valuable Education Plan (SAVE) eases student loan repayment, which is especially important for Black students who have historically shouldered a disproportionate loan burden. An Urban Institute analysis estimates that 59 percent of credentials earned by Black students could be eligible for loan forgiveness under SAVE, compared to 42 percent for white students (Delisle and Cohn, 2023). The SAVE plan’s outsized impact on low-income borrowers makes it particularly salient for HBCUs, who enroll a disproportionate number of students from the bottom of the income distribution —allowing HBCU graduates to benefit from the upward mobility fostered by their institution without being overburdened by student debt.
The Biden-Harris Administration has a strong record of supporting HBCUs, and has set an example across the Federal government to do the same. Other initiatives across the U.S. Air Force, the Departments of Education, Commerce, Transportation, Energy, as well as NASA and the National Science Foundation have pioneered new programs to support HBCUs since 2021. By setting an example of recognizing the achievements of HBCUs, the Administration is drawing in investment and support from all angles to lift up the unique success of HBCUs across the country.
FACT SHEET: Biden-Harris Administration Announces Record Over $16 Billion in Support for Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)
Today, the Biden-Harris Administration announced a new record in Federal funding and investments in Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) totaling more than $16 billion from Fiscal Years (FY) 2021 through current available data for FY 2024. This new reported total is up from the previously announced over $7 billion, and captures significant additional actions already undertaken. The total of more than $16 billion includes over $11.4 billion between FY2021 and FY2023 through Federal grants, contracting awards, and debt relief for HBCUs; over $4 billion between FY2021 and FY2023 for HBCU-enrolled students through federal financial aid and educational benefits for veterans; and, so far in FY 2024, over $900 million has been secured for Department of Education programs strengthening HBCUs as institutions. President Biden and Vice President Harris are committed to ensuring whole-of-government investment efforts in HBCUs continue at full momentum through the rest of FY 2024.These historic funding levels – the most by any administration – demonstrate President Biden and Vice President Harris’s ongoing commitment to HBCUs, which serve as an engine for upward economic mobility in our country. The Administration is also focused on work to ensure HBCUs have the resources to provide a high-quality postsecondary education.
For more than 180 years, HBCUs have been advancing intergenerational economic mobility for Black families and communities, developing vital academic research, and making our Nation more prosperous and equitable. Despite representing only 3% of colleges and universities, HBCUs play an outsized role to support the economic mobility of African Americans, producing 40 percent of all Black engineers, 50 percent of all Black teachers, 70 percent of all Black doctors and dentists, 80 percent of all Black judges, and the first woman and Black Vice President of the United States. Overall, HBCUs greatly contribute to the economic success of America, providing college access to twice as many Pell Grant-eligible (low-income) students as non-HBCU institutions. Additionally, social mobility research by the United Negro College Fund finds that HBCUs support nearly five times more students than Ivy League and other top-ranked institutions in facilitating movement from the bottom 40% in U.S. household income to the top 60%.
A CEA report published today further underscores that HBCUs are engines for upward mobility and additionally discusses new research showing that HBCU enrollment has considerable positive effects on bachelor’s degree completion and household income later in life. The report details how these successes have occurred in the context of historic underfunding of HBCUs. It also discusses a recent resurgence in applications to, and enrollment in, HBCUs which highlight the high value that students have placed on these institutions in recent years.
Since Day One, the Biden-Harris Administration has committed to advancing racial equity, economic opportunity, and educational excellence, including by reestablishing the White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity through Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Between FY 2021 – FY 2023 the Biden-Harris Administration has taken historic actions to support HBCUs:
Invested over $11.4 billion in HBCUs, which includes:
- Nearly $4 billion for HBCUs through the American Rescue Plan and other COVID relief legislation. These grants funded through the Department of Education and other agencies have helped HBCUs support students’ ability to meet basic needs; support campus operations, staffing, teaching, and educational programs; and keep campuses and the surrounding communities on the path to an equitable recovery;
- $2.6 billion from the Department of Education to build institutional capacity at HBCUs. These efforts support the growth and sustainability of HBCU degree programs; increase and enhance human, technological, and physical infrastructure for research; strengthen positioning to secure direct partnership opportunities; and create sustainable fund development;
- Over $1.6 billion to HBCUs through Federal grants, cooperative agreements, and other competitive funding opportunities that drive the advancement of academic and training programs, community-based initiatives, and research innovation across national priorities such as medicine and public health, climate science, agriculture, emerging technologies, and defense;
- Almost $950 million to support HBCUs in growing research capacity and related infrastructure to better compete for Federal research and development dollars;
- Nearly $719 million in grant funding to expand STEM academic capacity and educational programs; and in other high-wage, high-demand fields such as computer science, nursing, and allied health;
- Over $150 million in Federal contracting opportunities awarded to HBCUs, including for research and expansion of STEM education programs at the Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Transportation, Department of Energy, and U.S. Agency for International Development;
- $1.6 billion in capital finance debt relief for 45 public and private HBCUs. Discharging these debts has enabled these institutions to focus resources on supporting students, faculty, and staff while recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic; and
- Over $2.4 million in Project SERV funds to support HBCUs affected by more than a dozen bomb threats in 2022. These grants have helped restore safe learning environments and invest in student mental health and well-being for students.
- $2.8 billion in need-based grants and other Federal programs, including Pell Grants, Federal Work-Study and Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants, to assist HBCU students in affording a postsecondary education; and
- Nearly $1.3 billion to support Veterans attending HBCUs through the GI bill and other college, graduate school, and training programs delivered through the Department of Veterans Affairs.
- The Department of Defense U.S. Air Force established the first-ever HBCU-led University Affiliated Research Center (UARC). Led by Howard University with seven other HBCUs and funded at $90 million over five years, efforts will focus on advancing the deployment of autonomous technologies for Air Force missions. Participating schools include Jackson State University, Tuskegee University, Hampton University, Bowie State University, Norfolk State University, Delaware State University, Florida Memorial University, and Tougaloo College.
- The Department of Commerce established the first-ever Connecting-Minority-Communities program delivering funding for 43 HBCUs to purchase broadband internet, purchase equipment, and hire IT personnel to tackle the digital divide impacting HBCUs. Several HBCUs also recently launched an HBCU CHIPS Network in collaboration with Georgia Institute of Technology to increase the coordination of the resources at the colleges and universities and jointly contribute to workforce development needs of the semiconductor industry. Chips are critical in powering our consumer electronics, automobiles, data centers, critical infrastructure, and virtually all military systems.
- The Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will provide $4.2 million in grant funding to HBCUs, through the EPP/MSI Cooperative Science Center program.
- The Department of Agriculture announced a $262.5 million investment to support 33 projects across U.S. institutions of higher education designed to train the next generation of diverse agricultural professionals. Through the USDA NextGen program, the projects are led by 1890 land-grant institutions (historically Black land-grant universities), 1994 land-grant institutions (Tribal Colleges and Universities, Alaska Native-Serving Institutions and Native Hawaiian-Serving Institutions, Hispanic-Serving Institutions), and institutions of higher education located in the Insular Areas. This historic investment will provide training and support to more than 20,000 future food and agricultural leaders through 33 projects executed by more than 60 institutions across 24 states and Insular Areas.
- The Department of Energy announced the inaugural $7.75 million Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) Clean Energy Education Prize, a competition that will support HBCUs in developing programming to strengthen the participation of K-12 and community college students in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. The competition, which has announced its first 10 winning HBCU teams, is supporting the creation of clean energy community networks to inspire the next generation of students to work in STEM fields related to clean energy.
- The Department of Education provided nearly $25 million to HBCUs under the Research and Development Infrastructure program to transform their research infrastructure, including strengthening research productivity, faculty expertise, physical infrastructure, and partnerships leading to increases in external funding.
- The Department of Transportation announced Prairie View A&M University in Texas as the first-ever HBCU to lead a University Transportation Center. Prairie View A&M and 11 other HBCUs were among 34 schools to receive a portion of a $435 million grant for development of interoperable technology systems, which allow equipment, software, and applications to work together, communicate, and exchange data.
- The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is pioneering efforts to close opportunity gaps in STEM, including nearly $12 million for eight HBCUs to support programs in artificial intelligence and machine learning and create a more diverse pipeline of talent for careers in data-intensive space-based Earth science.
- The White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity through HBCUs established the Executive HBCU Space Lab, a new collaboration between HBCUs, the Federal government, and industry partners to increase HBCU engagement in space-related federal contracting. The Executive HBCU Space Lab is a solutions-oriented initiative that will release resources including SpaceTechConnect, a free platform to highlight space-related capabilities at HBCUs.
- The Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences established HBCU-Connect, a new initiative with HBCUs to inspire the development of environmental health science leaders from diverse backgrounds. HBCU-Connect is a multifaceted effort to strengthen ties between the institute and faculty and students at academic institutions that are often underrepresented in the sciences.
- The Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration’s Maternal and Child Health Bureau launched the Maternal Health Research Collaborative for MSIs, providing roughly $30M in research support to seven HBCUs over five years. The funding will build capacity of HBCUs to conduct Black maternal health research to fully understand and address the root causes of disparities in maternal mortality, severe maternal morbidity, and maternal health outcomes; and to find community-based solutions to address these disparities and advance health equity.
- The Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health funding to HBCUs totaled $147.5 million to support research, training, research capacity building, and outreach efforts. NIH funding included endowment awards to strengthen the research infrastructure of the HBCU award recipients to conduct minority health and health disparities research. Other NIH funding has assisted several HBCUs in contributing towards building a diverse scientific workforce, including mentorship and student training programs and career development opportunities for faculty.
- The National Science Foundation launched Advancing Research Capacity at HBCUs through Exploration and Innovation (ARC-HBCU) to support participation in an intensive, facilitated workshop that brings together HBCU faculty, staff, research administrators and academic leadership focused on exploration of innovative and promising approaches for addressing the research capacity needs of HBCUs.
- The National Science Foundation, as part of Growing Research Access for Nationally Transformative Equity and Diversity (GRANTED) initiative, awarded an Atlanta-based HBCU consortium a $14 million competitive grant to establish a hub that promotes equity in the national research ecosystem and serves as a model for other HBCUs and emerging research institutions. The consortium includes Spelman College, Morehouse College, Morehouse School of Medicine, and Clark Atlanta University.
- The National Science and Technology Council’s Committee on STEM, in support of the CHIPS and Science Act, established an Interagency Working Group (IWG) on HBCU, TCU, and MSI STEM Achievement. The Council provides a coordinated federal approach to carry out sustained outreach activities to increase clarity, transparency, and accountability for federal research agency investments in STEM education and research at HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs, including such institutions in rural areas.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development announced awards totaling $5.5 million for HBCUs to conduct housing and community development research to support the production of affordable housing, support homeownership, advance use of renewable energy, and address infrastructure inequity affecting underserved communities.
- The Department of Justice has increased both the number of HBCUs applying for grants and its HBCU approval rate. Over the past five years, DOJ’s grant awards to HBCUs have increased 83% (from $900,000 in FY18 to $5.2 million to HBCUs in FY23).
WE GOT 10M and counting!!!!!
The only reason ppl voted in 2008 was because Barack was Black.
still haven't answered the question.
what is she doing specifically for blacks?
you rambled things under Biden and gave him credit for the economy LOL. You trying to pass off credit but let's examine your bullshit.
student debt was for everyone, not just black
hbcus are not black owned, thats like more money went to univ of nebraska
black wealth increased and so did everyone else, thats not specific to us, but the wealth gap actually increased between blacks and whites.
source - https://www.brookings.edu/articles/black-wealth-is-increasing-but-so-is-the-racial-wealth-gap/
I think you may not want to take credit for that.
that business plan helped everyone. good it helped a few people you know but most blacks dont own businesses
COMPLETE LIE about healthcare coverage. you are comparing covering from ten years ago and then saying she doubled it. lol. im sure if you look at rates from 1936, she is doing a great job too! compare to last administration for a real number. very misleading
you did the same thing with the poverty rates.
but here is the truth since you want to give the president responsibility of the economy
We have 40% of us in federal prison, we have the highest incarceration rates, we still have longer sentences with no prison reform under this administration, 48% of those serving life or black even though we are 12% of the population
we are owed reparations that other groups have received and other Americans have benefited from. her response was to study more as the study has been ongoing since the 70s
as for everyone - inflation is crazy, prices are through the roof
housing is unaffordable
most people need 2 or 3 jobs just to survive
Biden had historically low numbers from voters for confidence in the economy
she supports genocide and Israel, giving them 3.3 billion a year for no reason but don't have money for reparations
they allow immigrants in this country of certain countries and refused to allow Haitians seeking asylum
Meaningless rambling tangents that are not counterpoints to the areas I listed.
Then, you pat yourself on the back
How does never voting for interests get to reparations?
Again, what has your boy, 34-COUNT FELONIOUS one, done for Black people? How will Project2025 create a path to reparations and/or improve the quality of life for Black folks?
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...And will donate money to a lemon lot salesman for a "Reparations Rally", to a guy who promotes Trump and MAGA talking points: "Be the good black and don't vote, unless for Trump, FAMILYYYYY!!" Unsurprisingly, the resident MAGA bros are also anti-HBCU, just like their White Nationalist org leaders are anti-College and anti-Universities in general.
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Who is we lil homie? You sold yo soul and became a troll. Ain't no coming back from that. Move on lil nigga.
And there was nothing wrong with that.
C'mon man everybody knows
1 he stamped his name on the stimulus check
2 he released some gold kicks
3 he committed crimes so we could feel that no matter how many police interactions e have we can be anything, even president
4 he shows affection when he calls us his blacks
5 he fed some of us chicken sammiches
6 he hit a porn ho raw no pull-out
7 he wants to keep out wetbacks to save black jobs
8 he pardoned prominent incarcerated black people like kodak black and lil wayne
9 he signed the First Step Act and then promised to Militarize Police, Reincarcerate Thousands, and Expand the Death Penalty
10 he has done more for the black community since Abraham Lincoln
Wrong they voted for Hope and Change and thought Obama represented that change
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I will say the Dems need to do a better job of letting people know the good work they are doing now and even past this election. Some people are not informed and don’t keep up with what’s going on. When the S&P hits a new high, say we did that. A new bill passes say we did that. Brag about that shit vs staying humble.
Information overload to the point people say enough is enough we know what you are and have done.
Information overload to the point people say enough is enough we know what you are and have done.
Right and it’s sad the coons are anti-hbcu considering some of the most prominent leaders attended them. But not even that, the reason behind why a lot of HBCUs were even created in the first place.
To be honest, a lot of the work that goes on in the communities are lead by a lot of folks that attended HBCUS. Not all, but a whole lot of it.
I always say before you start criticizing someone, make sure your house is in order.
In the words of the great ancestor Benjamin E Mays, “Not everyone can be famous, but everyone can be great, because greatness is determined by service.”
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100% and when you ask well what has Trump done for black people, negroes get silent
