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The Barbary Treaties 1786-1816
Morocco - Treaty of Peace; September 16, 1836
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Treaty of Peace, signed at Meccanez (Meknes or Meqqbinez) September 16, 1836 (3 Jumada II, A.H. :1252). Original in Arabic.
Treaty of Peace, signed at Meccanez (Meknes or Meqqbinez) September 16, 1836 (3 Jumada II, A.H. :1252). Original in Arabic.
A document including a copy of the treaty in Arabic and an English translation, followed by a clause of conclusion under the seal of the United States consulate at Tangier, was signed by James R. Leib, consul and agent of the United States, on October 1, 1836.
Submitted to the Senate December 26, 1836. (Message of December 20, 1836.) Resolution of advice and consent January 17, 1837. Ratified by the United States January 28, 1837. As to the rati~cation generally, see the notes. Proclaimed January So, 1837.
The following twenty-six pages of Arabic text are a reproduction of the pages of the original treaty; but they are arranged in left-to-right (1) Then, from the above-mentioned document signed by James R. Leib on October 1, 1836, is printed the English translation, with the clause of conclusion reserving the treaty for the ratification of the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
[Translation]
In the name of God, the merciful and Clement!
(Abd Errahman Ibenu Kesham whom God exalt!)
Praise be to God!
This is the copy of the Treaty of peace which we have made with the Americans; and written in this book; affixing thereto our blessed Seal, that, with the help of God, it may remain firm for ever.
Written at Meccanez, the City of Olives, on the 30 day of the month Jumad el lahhar, in the year of the Hegira 1252. (corresponding to Sept. 16. A.D. 1836.)
ART. 1.
We declare that both Parties have agreed that this Treaty, consisting of Twenty five Articles, shall be inserted in this Book, and delivered to James R. Leib, Agent of the United States, and now their Resident Consul at Tangier, with whose approbation it has been made, and who is duly authorized on their part, to treat with us, concerning all the matters contained therein.
ART. 2.
If either of the parties shall be at war with any nation whatever, the other shall not take a commission from the enemy, nor fight under their colors.
ART. 3.
If either of the parties shall be at war with any nation whatever, and take a prize belonging to that nation, and there shall be found on board subjects or effects belonging to either of the parties, the subjects shall be set at Liberty, and the effects returned to the owners. And if any goods, belonging to any nation, with whom either of the parties shall be at war, shall be loaded on vessels belonging to the other party, they shall pass free and unmolested, without any attempt being made to take or detain them.
ART. 4.
A signal, or pass, shall be given to all vessels belonging to both parties, by which they are to be known when they meet at sea: and if the Commander of a ship of war of either party shall have other ships under his convoy, the declaration of the Commander shall alone be sufficient to exempt any of them from examination.
ART. 5.
If either of the parties shall be at war, and shall meet a vessel at sea belonging to the other, it is agreed, that if an examination is to be made, it shall be done by sending a boat with two or three men only: and if any gun shall be fired, and injury done, without reason, the offending party shall make good all damages.
ART. 6.
If any Moor shall bring citizens of the United States, or their effects, to his Majesty, the citizens shall immediately be set at liberty, and the effects restored: and, in like manner, if any Moor, not a subject of these dominions, shall make prize of any of the citizens of America or their effects, and bring them into any of the ports of his Majesty, they shall be immediately released, as they will then be considered as under his Majesty's protection.
ART. 7
If any vessel of either party, shall put into a port of the other, and have occasion for provisions or other suplies, they shall be furnished without any interruption or molestation.
ART. 8.
If any vessel of the United States, shall meet with a disaster at sea, and put into one of our ports to repair, she shall be at Liberty to land and reload her cargo, without paying any duty whatever.
ART. 9.
If any vessel of the United States, shall be cast on shore on any part of our coasts, she shall remain at the disposition of the owners, and no one shall attempt going near her without their approbation, as she is then considered particularly under our protection; and if any vessel of the United States shall be forced to put into our ports by stress of weather, or otherwise, she shall not be compelled to land her cargo, but shall remain in tranquility until the commander shall think proper to proceed on his voyage.
ART. 10.
If any vessel of either of the parties shall have an engagement with a vessel belonging to any of the Christian powers, within gun-shot of the forts of the other, the vessel so engaged, shall be defended and protected as much as possible, until she is in safety: and if any American vessel shall be cast on shore, on the coast of Wadnoon, or any coast thereabout, the people belonging to her, shall be protected and assisted, until by the help of God, they shall be sent to their country.
ART. 11.
If we shall be at war with any Christian power, and any of our vessels sails from the ports of the United States, no vessel belonging to the enemy shall follow, until twenty-four hours after the departure of our vessels: and the same regulation shall be observed towards the American vessels sailing from our ports, be their enemies Moors or Christians.
ART. 12.
If any ship of war belonging to the United States, shall put into any of our ports, she shall not be examined on any presence whatever, even though she should have fugitive slaves on board, nor shall the governor or commander of the place compel them to be brought on shore on any pretext, nor require any payment for them.
ART. 13.
If a ship of war of either party shall put into a port of the other, and salute, it shall be returned from the fort with an equal number of guns, not more or less.
ART. 14.
The commerce with the United States, shall be on the same footing as is the commerce with Spain, or as that with the most favored nation for the time being; and their citizens shall be respected and esteemed, and have full liberty to pass and repass our country and sea-ports whenever they please, without interruption.
ART. 15.
Merchants of both countries shall employ only such interpreters, and such other persons to assist them in their business, as they shall think proper. No commander of a vessel shall transport his cargo on board another vessel: he shall not be detained in port longer than he may think proper; and all persons employed in loading or unloading or in any other labor whatever, shall be paid at the customary rates, not more and not less.
ART. 16.
In case of a war between the parties, the prisoners are not to be made slaves, but to be exchanged one for another. Captain for Captain, Officer for Officer, and one private man for another; and if there shall prove a deficiency, on either side, it shall be made up by the payment of one hundred Mexican dollars for each person wanting. And it is agreed, that all prisoners shall be exchanged in twelve months from the time of their being taken, and that this exchange may be effected by a merchant, or any other person, authorized by either of the parties.
ART. 17.
Merchants shall not be compelled to buy or sell any kind of goods but such as they shall think proper: and nary buy and sell all sorts of merchandise but such as are prohibited to the other Christian nations.
ART. 18.
All goods shall be weighed and examined before they are sent on board; and to avoid all detention of vessels, no examination shall afterwards be made, unless it shall first be proved that contraband goods have been sent on board; in which case, the persons who took the contraband goods on board, shall be punished according to the usage and custom of the country, and no other person whatever shall be injured, nor shall the ship or cargo incur any penalty or damage whatever.
ART. 19.
No vessel shall be detained in port on any presence whatever, nor be obliged to take on board any article without the consent of the Commander, who shall be at full liberty to agree for the freight of any goods he takes on board.
ART. 20.
If any of the citizens of the United States, or any persons under their protection, shall have any dispute with each other, the Consul shall decide between the parties; and whenever the Consul shall require any aid, or assistance from our government, to enforce his decisions, it shall be immediately granted to him.
ART. 21.
If a citizen of the United States should kill or wound a Moor, or, on the contrary, if a Moor shall kill or wound a citizen of the United States, the law of the Country shall take place, and equal justice shall be rendered, the Consul assisting at the trial; and if any delinquent shall make his escape, the Consul shall not be answerable for him in any manner whatever.
ART. 22.
If an American citizen shall die in our country, and no will shall appear, the Consul shall take possession of his effects; and if there shall be no Consul, the effects shall be deposited in the hands of some person worthy of trust, until the party shall/appear who has a right to demand them; but if the heir to the person deceased be present, the property shall be delivered to him without interruption; and if a will shall appear the property shall descend agreeably to that will, as soon as the Consul shall declare the validity thereof.
ART. 23.
The Consul of the United States of America, shall reside in any seaport of our dominions that they shall think proper: and they shall be respected, and enjoy all the priviliges which the Consuls of any other Nation enjoy: and if any of the citizens of the United States shall contract any debts or engagements, the Consul shall not be in any manner accountable for them, unless he shall have given a promise in writing for the payment or fulfilling thereof; without which promise in writing, no application to him for any redress shall be made.
ART. 24.
If any differences shall arise by either party infringing on any of the Articles of this treaty, peace and harmony shall remain notwithstanding, in the fullest force, until a friendly application shall be made for an arrangement; and until that application shall be rejected, no appeal shall be made to arms. And if a war shall break out between the parties, nine months shall be granted to all the subjects of both parties, to dispose of their effects and retire with their property. And it is further declared, that whatever indulgence, in trade or otherwise, shall be granted to any of the Christian powers, the citizens of the United States shall be equally entitled to them.
ART. 25.
This Treaty shall continue in force, with the help of God, for fifty years; after the expiration of which term, the Treaty shall continue to be binding on both parties, until the one shall give twelve months notice to the other of an intention to abandon it; in which case, its operations shall cease at the end of the twelve months.
CONSULATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
For The Empire of Morocco.
TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN.
BE IT KNOWN.
Whereas the undersigned, James R. Leib, a Citizen of the United States of North America, and now their Resident Consul at Tangier, having been duly appointed Commissioner, by letters patent, under the signature of the President and Seal of the United States of North America, bearing date, at the City of Washington, the Fourth day of July A.D. 1835, for negotiating and concluding a Treaty of peace and friendship between the United States of North America and the Empire of Morocco; I, therefore, James R. Leib, Commissioner as aforesaid, do conclude the foregoing Treaty and every Article and clause therein contained; reserving the same, nevertheless, for the final ratification of the President of the United States of North America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto affixed my signature, and the Seal of this Consulate, on the First day of October, in the year of our Lord One Thousand eight hundred and Thirty sin, and of the Independence of the United States the Sixty First.
[Seal] JAMES R. LEIB
Blah,blah, blah.. The numbers still dont add up...These people were spread out thru this whole colony and only 10-15% of those who came here were women.. Have a good day..
nail on the head
I love to spread knowledge to others but miss me with all the other stuff
good post though. got some stuff I need to research
Blacks Are The First True Americans You Can’t Go Back To Africa – Hidden Lies in History
The hidden truth is that the first Americans are the so-called Black people who occupy the ghettoes, slums or poverty-stricken areas in all parts of America whether it be North, South or Central America. Keep in mind that the land mass of Earth was once all connected as Greeks called it Pangea a time before the great Earthquakes that split the land into 7 continents. For this particular literature, I will only bring forth the facts that one can research for themselves. Primarily let me dissolve the myth that Christopher Columbus or Cristabal Colon the Spaniard discovered America, he did not. In fact, in his diaries he stated that the first people he saw upon his arrival were dark as the so-called Negroes in Africa he even had a picture painting depicting the Aboriginals he captured in America see video below.
Still to this day our people can even go to a dictionary, preferably one older than 1840 as the newer dictionaries have been abridged or highly tampered.
One can read the definition of American and you will see it states the aboriginal copper-colored people found by the Europeans. Let me emphasize the word “found” strongly as it proves if we were found then apparently we were already here in America.
Most of our people have been outcast as true Aboriginal Indians through the divide and conquer strategy. This is why your typical mental image of a Native America most likely follows the straight hair, feather in headdress Hollywood version of an Indian. Many of our darker skinned tone Indians have been kicked-off reservations and excluded from the reparations. Nevertheless, let us not make any mistake the lighter skin complexion Native Americans are of the same blood lineage and pedigree as we are really a family. See the picture of the people of the Yamassee Indians tribe near Arizona as you can see they sit together in an interview in harmony,
I cannot stress enough how we must come back together and lose the ideology that we are not of the same family. Furthermore if we look at recent DNA test orchestrated by Doctors the oldest tribe in America is the Pima tribe located in, what today is called Arizona though that is not the true Aboriginal name of that area. See “Pima Indians from Arizona, Chief Blue Wing and family.” Department of Anthropology, 1904 World’s Fair. (see picture ). Also for the record in the DNA industry since many Black people have begun to trace their heritage and Genealogy “there is a deliberate scam underway in the DNA industry, because results can be (and are being) manipulated to remove us from our heritage in America and place us in Africa” source (Dr. Yaffa Bey – http://www.yaffabey.com/autochthonous-peoples).
Also note the Indian School in Boley, OK the image clearly states Creek and Seminole Americans which we can see the natives are a mixture of different phenotype. (Photo reference; courtesy of the”Oklahoma Historical Society).
Let me say that there is nothing wrong at all with Africa and our brethren across the sea, however, many of our people have prime land they are owed which the U.S. government will not openly disclose. In fact Empress of the Washitaw nation Verdiacee Golston El Bey in the court case of 1848 Heirs of Henry Turner vs the United States – was secured over 60,000 acres of land from the United States ascertaining that the U.S. government sold land that they in fact, did not have authority to purchase(research the Washitaw Proper).One of the most indisputable facts are the Olmec heads located in South America which are some of the oldest found artifacts in that land, colossal stone heads with braided and wooly hair.
The historical evidence is truly overwhelming I could go on for days, nevertheless we must all do our independent research to gain true knowledge of ourselves allow me to give some sources to help propel your journey “They Came Before Columbus” by Dr. Ivan Van Sertima, “The First Americans Were Africans(Misnomer)”: Documented Evidence by PhD David Imhotep and “Return of the Ancient Ones” by the Empress Verdiacee “Tiara” Washitaw Turner Goston El-Bey. It is hard for many to accept such truths and some native peoples have saw this as a invasion of their culture and a denial of ones African-ness.
However documentation was kept by the U.S. government depicting an aboriginal American which resembles Black people(misnomer).
See photo titled “Indian Warrior entering his wigwam with a scalp, on file with the Library of Congress created and published in [1789] reference Call Number: Illus. in E163 .A53 1789 Pre-1801 Coll
Throughout history division has occurred between dark skin and lighter skin native Americans based on who is federally recognize. Nevertheless please reference the recent BIA list 26830 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 86 / Wednesday, May 4, 2016 and see the Shinnecock indian tribe is officially recognized. See photos below which prove that so called Black People(misnomer) are heavily populated within the Shinnecock nation, which prove that dark skin wooly hair Natives mislabeled colored people have been indigenous to the Americas long before any Slave trade or arrival of Christopher Columbus.
The hidden truth is that the first Americans are the so-called Black people who occupy the ghettoes, slums or poverty-stricken areas in all parts of America whether it be North, South or Central America. Keep in mind that the land mass of Earth was once all connected as Greeks called it Pangea a time before the great Earthquakes that split the land into 7 continents. For this particular literature, I will only bring forth the facts that one can research for themselves. Primarily let me dissolve the myth that Christopher Columbus or Cristabal Colon the Spaniard discovered America, he did not. In fact, in his diaries he stated that the first people he saw upon his arrival were dark as the so-called Negroes in Africa he even had a picture painting depicting the Aboriginals he captured in America see video below.
Still to this day our people can even go to a dictionary, preferably one older than 1840 as the newer dictionaries have been abridged or highly tampered.
One can read the definition of American and you will see it states the aboriginal copper-colored people found by the Europeans. Let me emphasize the word “found” strongly as it proves if we were found then apparently we were already here in America.
Most of our people have been outcast as true Aboriginal Indians through the divide and conquer strategy. This is why your typical mental image of a Native America most likely follows the straight hair, feather in headdress Hollywood version of an Indian. Many of our darker skinned tone Indians have been kicked-off reservations and excluded from the reparations. Nevertheless, let us not make any mistake the lighter skin complexion Native Americans are of the same blood lineage and pedigree as we are really a family. See the picture of the people of the Yamassee Indians tribe near Arizona as you can see they sit together in an interview in harmony,
The historical evidence is truly overwhelming I could go on for days, nevertheless we must all do our independent research to gain true knowledge of ourselves allow me to give some sources to help propel your journey “They Came Before Columbus” by Dr. Ivan Van Sertima, “The First Americans Were Africans(Misnomer)”: Documented Evidence by PhD David Imhotep and “Return of the Ancient Ones” by the Empress Verdiacee “Tiara” Washitaw Turner Goston El-Bey. It is hard for many to accept such truths and some native peoples have saw this as a invasion of their culture and a denial of ones African-ness.
However documentation was kept by the U.S. government depicting an aboriginal American which resembles Black people(misnomer).
See photo titled “Indian Warrior entering his wigwam with a scalp, on file with the Library of Congress created and published in [1789] reference Call Number: Illus. in E163 .A53 1789 Pre-1801 Coll
Throughout history division has occurred between dark skin and lighter skin native Americans based on who is federally recognize. Nevertheless please reference the recent BIA list 26830 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 86 / Wednesday, May 4, 2016 and see the Shinnecock indian tribe is officially recognized. See photos below which prove that so called Black People(misnomer) are heavily populated within the Shinnecock nation, which prove that dark skin wooly hair Natives mislabeled colored people have been indigenous to the Americas long before any Slave trade or arrival of Christopher Columbus.
Shit makes sense now. In the crypto thread, I called this cat a U.S. citizen and he went off the deep end telling me not to say that. Mind you, we talking about as it applies to tax law and moving money. We are U.S. citizens in that regard.
I was accused of being an agent.
Shit seemed strange and had a 'moorish' angle to it. I tried to reason with the cat, but he does seem out there on some subjects.
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Yes enslavement of eumelanin rich people happend
Yes there were slaves taken from Africa to the americas
Yes us so called black folks the original copper colored people were here before any European ever set his invading barbaric ass on these shores
Yes the original natives were so called black and shades of brown.
The euro American version of the quintessential native was a mixture of the
Original so called black folks and the chinese that came across the strait.
No the earth is not flat
No the earth is not round
The earth is oblong.....
Any questions
Yes there were slaves taken from Africa to the americas
Yes us so called black folks the original copper colored people were here before any European ever set his invading barbaric ass on these shores
Yes the original natives were so called black and shades of brown.
The euro American version of the quintessential native was a mixture of the
Original so called black folks and the chinese that came across the strait.
No the earth is not flat
No the earth is not round
The earth is oblong.....
Any questions
Blah, blah, blah... 6th grade bullshit...
Ole sammy da follower!!! Gotta stay in step, huh??
You spineless follower... You dont have the heart to stand on your own, you need support!!!
I expect that from a little boy!!! Just face it, your a FOLLOWER and your little 6th grade name calling cant work!! Stay in line sammie d follower..
You lame af fam lolI expect that from a little boy!!! Just face it, your a FOLLOWER and your little 6th grade name calling cant work!! Stay in line sammie d follower..
Whatever sammie!!! Have a good day!!! Either watch what gets posted or keep moving!! Youll come around, oneday!!
That aint going to happen!!! Have a good day, now go do what you do best,,,, Follow!!!
Yes some of us were already here. It is proof that blacks were here first. But the slave ships were true also. I am about to check this out. But we were the only race on the earth at one time. We live by a white reality and are controlled by it right now until somebody overcomes it. But there was a time when we had natural powers and practiced those natural powers. Now knowledge of them is almost completely gone. What you are use to doing is easier to do.
Shit makes sense now. In the crypto thread, I called this cat a U.S. citizen and he went off the deep end telling me not to say that. Mind you, we talking about as it applies to tax law and moving money. We are U.S. citizens in that regard.
I was accused of being an agent.
Gene shut the fuck up...you bowed down in the crypto thread...just shut the fuck up
You dudes are trying so hard to prove im wrong. Its not gonna happen. You look like a ass vicious you said the treaty didnt mean anything now your posting the world courts rulings....lmao
I hope bgol see you self hating mfs and europeans being exposed. The level you mfs are going is insane. You want us to be slaves so bad its crazy.
Also...i wish either one of you mf threaten to put foot in my ass. We can dance with wolves in this mf. Im in Dallas..we can meet any place in any area in that mf or the nation it dont matter. The internet makes you mf think your hard. Gene, vic, sammy..who ever think they are real. Trust me...i dont mind hand to hand combat.
We can debate all day but make sure you watch your mf mouth on those threats.
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Your point is what? You posted the Treaty you claimed doesnt matter.
Your ignorant to law
I posted the official ruling...you cant read very well huh
Blacks Are The First True Americans You Can’t Go Back To Africa – Hidden Lies in History
The hidden truth is that the first Americans are the so-called Black people who occupy the ghettoes, slums or poverty-stricken areas in all parts of America whether it be North, South or Central America. Keep in mind that the land mass of Earth was once all connected as Greeks called it Pangea a time before the great Earthquakes that split the land into 7 continents. For this particular literature, I will only bring forth the facts that one can research for themselves. Primarily let me dissolve the myth that Christopher Columbus or Cristabal Colon the Spaniard discovered America, he did not. In fact, in his diaries he stated that the first people he saw upon his arrival were dark as the so-called Negroes in Africa he even had a picture painting depicting the Aboriginals he captured in America see video below.
Still to this day our people can even go to a dictionary, preferably one older than 1840 as the newer dictionaries have been abridged or highly tampered.
One can read the definition of American and you will see it states the aboriginal copper-colored people found by the Europeans. Let me emphasize the word “found” strongly as it proves if we were found then apparently we were already here in America.I cannot stress enough how we must come back together and lose the ideology that we are not of the same family. Furthermore if we look at recent DNA test orchestrated by Doctors the oldest tribe in America is the Pima tribe located in, what today is called Arizona though that is not the true Aboriginal name of that area. See “Pima Indians from Arizona, Chief Blue Wing and family.” Department of Anthropology, 1904 World’s Fair. (see picture ). Also for the record in the DNA industry since many Black people have begun to trace their heritage and Genealogy “there is a deliberate scam underway in the DNA industry, because results can be (and are being) manipulated to remove us from our heritage in America and place us in Africa” source (Dr. Yaffa Bey – http://www.yaffabey.com/autochthonous-peoples).Also note the Indian School in Boley, OK the image clearly states Creek and Seminole Americans which we can see the natives are a mixture of different phenotype. (Photo reference; courtesy of the”Oklahoma Historical Society).Let me say that there is nothing wrong at all with Africa and our brethren across the sea, however, many of our people have prime land they are owed which the U.S. government will not openly disclose. In fact Empress of the Washitaw nation Verdiacee Golston El Bey in the court case of 1848 Heirs of Henry Turner vs the United States – was secured over 60,000 acres of land from the United States ascertaining that the U.S. government sold land that they in fact, did not have authority to purchase(research the Washitaw Proper).One of the most indisputable facts are the Olmec heads located in South America which are some of the oldest found artifacts in that land, colossal stone heads with braided and wooly hair.
The historical evidence is truly overwhelming I could go on for days, nevertheless we must all do our independent research to gain true knowledge of ourselves allow me to give some sources to help propel your journey “They Came Before Columbus” by Dr. Ivan Van Sertima, “The First Americans Were Africans(Misnomer)”: Documented Evidence by PhD David Imhotep and “Return of the Ancient Ones” by the Empress Verdiacee “Tiara” Washitaw Turner Goston El-Bey. It is hard for many to accept such truths and some native peoples have saw this as a invasion of their culture and a denial of ones African-ness.
However documentation was kept by the U.S. government depicting an aboriginal American which resembles Black people(misnomer).
See photo titled “Indian Warrior entering his wigwam with a scalp, on file with the Library of Congress created and published in [1789] reference Call Number: Illus. in E163 .A53 1789 Pre-1801 Coll
Throughout history division has occurred between dark skin and lighter skin native Americans based on who is federally recognize. Nevertheless please reference the recent BIA list 26830 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 86 / Wednesday, May 4, 2016 and see the Shinnecock indian tribe is officially recognized. See photos below which prove that so called Black People(misnomer) are heavily populated within the Shinnecock nation, which prove that dark skin wooly hair Natives mislabeled colored people have been indigenous to the Americas long before any Slave trade or arrival of Christopher Columbus.
They dont want tho accept this...they want us to believe in roots and all thst bullshit
Alex haley was a fraud!! The whole roots story was stolen from a white guy!! Roots was a hijack that go exposed!!! This colony cant hide the truth, no matter what they try!! The truth always comes out when they least expect it!!
Okay now you can just shut the fuck up.
you never read this treaty...
those documents are from the site you posted...
If you had ever read any of the documents there you would recognize this is how they present ALL of the info there
http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/11/11969.pdf
http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/11/12139.pdf
http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/11/011-19520827-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf
but, of course, you never actually read any of it...
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