I can't believe half of y'all - dude got destroyed in the flat earth thread and now bumps this thread with his bullshit- and y'all cosigning instead of researching...
none of those phenomena prevent space travel
The Van Allen belts are a significant radiation hazard for both unmanned and manned spaceflight, so we do our best to spend as little time as possible within them. We keep our International Space Station (ISS) below the lower belt and we keep our GPS and communication satellites in the gap between the two belts.
The only time humans have crossed through the Van Allen belts was during the Apollo missions to the moon. The Apollo vehicles were traveling quite fast and only spent about 15 minutes in the most dangerous region and less than an hour total in the belts (each way). Their total exposure within the Van Allen belts during each leg of the journey was about 13 Rads and their shielding absorbed/deflected most of that. The Apollo crews experienced between 0.16-1.14 Rads during their mission.
To give an indication of scale. NASA restricts the career exposure of a male astronaut the age of the Apollo astronauts to around 300 Rads (coincidentally, an exposure to 300 Rads within one hour is the standard for a lethal dose.)
So, the key is to just not spend a lot of time in the belts.
Incidentally, there is a region called the South Atlantic anomaly (SAA) in which the offset between the geomagnetic and rotational axes causes the inner Van Allen belt to dip down lower. Most of the radiation exposure astronauts face in low Earth orbit is when they cross through the SAA. At 225 km the radiation is 100X increased compared to the rest of the orbit at that altitude and at 440 km the radiation is 1000x increased. The protection of the geomagnetic field at low altitude and the danger of the SAA is a big part of the reason why we do not allow the ISS to go higher than it is (as it is, ISS astronauts, in six months, receive about 6 times the maximum recommended radiation dosage for a person on Earth, in a year).
http://www.braeunig.us/apollo/VABraddose.htm
1. this is not true -
simple answer: you can't put your hand into a bowl of water at 90ÂşC without sustaining serious injury. But you can easily sit in a sauna with an air temperature of 90ÂşC
There is a difference between temperature and heat.
Temperature is a measure of how much energy individual particles have.
Heat is a measure of how much energy is contained by all the particles in a given volume.
The surface of the moon is pretty much a vacuum - not much heat energy overall.
as for solar radiation here is an article on radiative equilibrium temperature
http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2013/space-human-body/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_equilibrium
baisically any object that is heated up will radiate heat away, the hotter it gets the greater the heat it radiates per second. So as the Sun is constant, eventually the object will reach a temperature at which it is radiating the same amount of heat as it is absorbing...
read what I wrote above - and then look at this diagram
reasons we haven't been back - we don't have the ability to terraform or generate artificial gravity - a human body born on earth is not designed for living in micro gravity
- it wasn't the dark side but it was close to the horizon, also sunlight reflects off of the Earth too - see diagram I posted above
like I wrote above light reflected off of earth... and the location of the landing wasn't directly visible to the sun- as to why no stars in pics- light pollution similar to what happens in NYC - take a pic in times square, good luck if you think you'll get stars in the sky
it isn't dark like a closed closet - its "dark" cause we don't see it from earth - but its orbit puts it directly in sunlight for half the month- also the moon does get reflected light from the earth
moon does get a lot of reflected light from the earth