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February 2, 1848 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed between the U.S. and Mexico, ending the Mexican-American War (1846–48). With the defeat of its army and the fall of the capital, Mexico entered into negotiations to end the war. Mexico was forced to give the U.S. 55% of its land – the Mexican territories of Alta California and Santa Fé de Nuevo México – which now are the U.S. states of California, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado and Arizona as well as Texas.
(image: map of Mexico and the U.S. before the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo)