African American History aka Black History & History of Afrikans World Wide
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ByZak Cheney-RiceMarch 23, 2016A former adviser to President Richard Nixon said the war on drugs was invented to criminalize black people and suppress the radical left, according to an article published by Harper's.
Richard M. Nixon, 1974
Source: Keystone-France/Getty Images
Dan Baum, aHarper'scontributor and former staff writer for the New Yorker, recalled a conversation he had in 1994 with former adviser to the president for domestic affairs John Ehrlichman, who served18 monthsin federal prison for perjury charges stemming from the Watergate scandal.
Here's Ehrlichman's damning admission to Baum, viaHarper's:
At the time, I was writing a book about the politics of drug prohibition. I started to ask Ehrlichman a series of earnest, wonky questions that he impatiently waved away. "You want to know what this was really all about?" he asked with the bluntness of a man who, after public disgrace and a stretch in federal prison, had little left to protect. "The Nixon campaign in 1968, and the Nixon White House after that, had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. You understand what I'm saying? We knew we couldn't make it illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course we did."
I must have looked shocked. Ehrlichman just shrugged. Then he looked at his watch, handed me a signed copy of his steamy spy novel, The Company, and led me to the door.
John Ehrlichman, former adviser to the president for domestic affairs
Source: Mic/AP
So there you have it.The online version of Baum's article, "Legalize It All," drove so much traffic on Tuesday it caused theHarper'swebsite to crash temporarily:
We broke the internet with our April story on legalizing drugs, when we come down we'll fix it.
declared drugs "public enemy No. 1," a brutal crackdown on narcotics use, possession and distribution has ushered in an era of mass criminalization, which has disproportionately impacted black people.
Over the course of the drug war, possession of substances like crack cocaine, which devastated black neighborhoods in the 1980s, held much harsherpenalties than those for cocaine, a similar substancemore commonly associated with white users.
Former US President George H.W. Bush posing with baggies of cocaine in 1989.
Source: Dennis Cook/AP
In 2010 black people were almost four times as likely to be arrested formarijuana possession as white people, according to theAmerican Civil Liberties Union. Even today in Colorado and Washington — states where recreational marijuana use is now legal — black marijuana arrest rates are stillhigher than everyone else's.
Michelle Alexander outlined how the drug war was originally designed as a form of social control in her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness.During the 1960s and 1970s, "[as] factories closed, jobs were shipped overseas, deindustrialization and globalization led to depression in inner-city communities nationwide, and crime rates began to rise," Alexander toldFrontline.
"And as they rose and the backlash against the civil rights movement reached a fever pitch, the get-tough movement exploded into a zeal for incarceration, and a war on drugs was declared," she explained.
What stands out about Ehrlichman's reported admission is how blunt and straightforward it is. Perhaps now Americans can have a more open conversation around what this "war" has really been about.
Bookmarked Thanks!
Nubians
cac europeans truly study us and then create corporations based on their findings..
That Mayan shit is deep and proves we were here before european invasions..
Im not sayin there wasnt an atlantic slave trade..Im sayin it did NOT bring the majority of us here..
Most of us was already here....and from what I understand..correct me if Im wrong.
Mayans and Olmecs are synonymous.
The War On Drugs' Horribly Racist Origins Have Finally Been Revealed
A former adviser to President Richard Nixon said the war on drugs was invented to criminalize black people and suppress the radical left, according to an article published by Harper's.
Richard M. Nixon, 1974
Source: Keystone-France/Getty Images
Dan Baum, aHarper'scontributor and former staff writer for the New Yorker, recalled a conversation he had in 1994 with former adviser to the president for domestic affairs John Ehrlichman, who served18 monthsin federal prison for perjury charges stemming from the Watergate scandal.
Here's Ehrlichman's damning admission to Baum, viaHarper's:
At the time, I was writing a book about the politics of drug prohibition. I started to ask Ehrlichman a series of earnest, wonky questions that he impatiently waved away. "You want to know what this was really all about?" he asked with the bluntness of a man who, after public disgrace and a stretch in federal prison, had little left to protect. "The Nixon campaign in 1968, and the Nixon White House after that, had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. You understand what I'm saying? We knew we couldn't make it illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course we did."
I must have looked shocked. Ehrlichman just shrugged. Then he looked at his watch, handed me a signed copy of his steamy spy novel, The Company, and led me to the door.
John Ehrlichman, former adviser to the president for domestic affairs
Source: Mic/AP
So there you have it.The online version of Baum's article, "Legalize It All," drove so much traffic on Tuesday it caused theHarper'swebsite to crash temporarily:
We broke the internet with our April story on legalizing drugs, when we come down we'll fix it.
declared drugs "public enemy No. 1," a brutal crackdown on narcotics use, possession and distribution has ushered in an era of mass criminalization, which has disproportionately impacted black people.
Over the course of the drug war, possession of substances like crack cocaine, which devastated black neighborhoods in the 1980s, held much harsherpenalties than those for cocaine, a similar substancemore commonly associated with white users.
Former US President George H.W. Bush posing with baggies of cocaine in 1989.
Source: Dennis Cook/AP
In 2010 black people were almost four times as likely to be arrested formarijuana possession as white people, according to theAmerican Civil Liberties Union. Even today in Colorado and Washington — states where recreational marijuana use is now legal — black marijuana arrest rates are stillhigher than everyone else's.
Michelle Alexander outlined how the drug war was originally designed as a form of social control in her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness.During the 1960s and 1970s, "[as] factories closed, jobs were shipped overseas, deindustrialization and globalization led to depression in inner-city communities nationwide, and crime rates began to rise," Alexander toldFrontline.
"And as they rose and the backlash against the civil rights movement reached a fever pitch, the get-tough movement exploded into a zeal for incarceration, and a war on drugs was declared," she explained.
What stands out about Ehrlichman's reported admission is how blunt and straightforward it is. Perhaps now Americans can have a more open conversation around what this "war" has really been about.
The mind fuckery with the whole drug game just proves the whole nation is being run by masonic con men..
Its a known fact cia under george bush was bringing in cocaine by the shiploads into north america...
its a known fact the biggest cocaine smuggler ever...barry seal.
had george bush jrs private cell phone number..
these elite cacs been waging war on the God race and we too busy
focusing on the tail.. the police and not the head of the snake....
Lexx Killin it with the info!!!
http://www.blackpast.org/aah/smalls-robert-1839-1915
http://www.robertsmalls.com/history.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Smalls
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-ame...istory/which-slave-sailed-himself-to-freedom/
Image Courtesy of the Library of Congress
Robert Smalls was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, on April 5, 1839 and worked as a house slave until the age of 12. At that point his owner, John K. McKee, sent him to Charleston to work as a waiter, ship rigger, and sailor, with all earnings going to McKee. This arrangement continued until Smalls was 18 when he negotiated to keep all but $15 of his monthly pay, a deal which allowed Smalls to begin saving money. The savings that he accumulated were later used to purchase his wife and daughter from their owner for a sum of $800. Their son was born a few years later.
In 1861 Smalls was hired as a deckhand on the Confederate transport steamer Planter captained by General Roswell Ripley, the commander of the Second Military District of South Carolina. The Planter was assigned the job of delivering armaments to the Confederate forts. On May 13, 1862, the crew of the Planter went ashore for the evening, leaving Smalls to guard the ship and its contents. Smalls loaded the ship with his wife, children and 12 other slaves from the city and sailed it to the area of the harbor where Union ships had formed their blockade. This trip led the ship past five forts, all of which required the correct whistle signal to indicate they were a Confederate ship. Smalls eventually presented the Planter before Onward, a Union blockade ship and raised the white flag of surrender. He later turned over all charts, a Confederate naval code book, and armaments, as well as the Planter itself, over to the Union Navy.
Smalls’s feat is partly credited with persuading a reluctant President Abraham Lincoln to now consider allowing African Americans into the Union Army. Smalls went on a speaking tour across the North to describe the episode and to recruit black soldiers for the war effort. By late 1863 he returned to the war zone to pilot the Planter, now a Union war vessel. In December 1863 he was promoted to Captain of the vessel, becoming the first African American to hold that rank in the history of the United States Navy.
After the Civil War Smalls entered politics as a Republican. He was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives and later to the South Carolina Senate. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives first from South Carolina’s 5th Congressional District and later from South Carolina’s 7th Congressional District. Smalls served in Congress between 1868 and 1889.
When his last term ended Smalls moved back to Beaufort, South Carolina to become the United States Collector of Customs. He also purchased and resided in the house in which he had once been a slave. Robert Smalls died in Beaufort on February 22, 1915 and is buried there with his family.
Sources:
Okon Edet Uya, From Slavery to Public Service, Robert Smalls 1839-1915 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971); Dorothy Sterling, Captain of the Planter: The Story of Robert Smalls (New York: Pocket Books, 1978); Edward A. Miller, Gullah Statesman: Robert Smalls from Slavery to Congress, 1839-1915 (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995); http://www.robertsmalls.org/; http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000502.
Contributor:
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Thomas Jefferson’s 1769 Newspaper Ad Seeking a Fugitive Slave
Technical Drawing Class at Hampton Institute in Virginia (1900)
Calabar Efik maiden decorated with curvilinear designs, about to enter a period of seclusion and training, ca. late 19th / early 20th century.
From: Christopher Lawrence Slogar (2005).Iconography and Continuity in West Africa: Calabar Terracottas and the Arts of the Cross River Region of Nigeria/Cameroon.
Ancient African terracotta portraits 1000 B.C. to 500 B.C.
Recent discoveries in the field of linguistics and other methods have shown without a doubt, that the ancient Olmecs of Mexico, known as the Xi People, came originally from West Africa and were of the Mende African ethnic stock. According to Clyde A. Winters and other writers (see Clyde A. Winters website), the Mende script was discovered on some of the ancient Olmec monuments of Mexico and were found to be identical to the very same script used by the Mende people of West Africa. Although the carbon fourteen testing date for the presence of the African Olmecs or Xi People is about 1500 B.C., journies to the Mexico and the Southern United States may have come from West Africa much earlier, particularly around five thousand years before Christ. That conclusion is based on the finding of an African native cotton that was discovered in North America. It’s only possible manner of arriving where it was found had to have been through human hands. At that period in West African history and even before, civilization was in full bloom in the Western Sahara in what is today Mauritania.One of Africa’s earliest civilizations, the Zingh Empire, existed and may have lived in what was a lake filled, wet and fertile Sahara, where ships criss-crossed from place to place.
ANCIENT AFRICAN KINGDOMS PRODUCED
OLMEC TYPE CULTURES
The ancient kingdoms of West Africa which occupied the Coastal forest belt from Cameroon to Guinea had trading relationships with other Africans dating back to prehistoric times. However, by 1500 B.C., these ancient kingdoms not only traded along the Ivory Coast, but with the Phoenicians and other peoples. They expanded their trade to the Americas, where the evidence for an ancient African presence is overwhelming. The kingdoms which came to be known by Arabs and Europeans during the Middle Ages were already well established when much of Western Europe was still inhabited by Celtic tribes. By the 5th Century B.C., the Phoenicians were running comercial ships to several West African kingdoms. During that period, iron had been in use for about one thousand years and terracotta art was being produced at a great level of craftsmanship. Stone was also being carved with naturalistic perfection and later, bronze was being used to make various tools and instruments, as well as beautifully naturalistic works of art.
The ancient West African coastal and interior Kingdoms occupied an area that is now covered with dense vegetation but may have been cleared about three to four thousand years ago. This includes the regions from the coasts of West Africa to the South, all the way inland to the Sahara. A number of large kingdoms and empires existed in that area. According to Blisshords Communications, one of the oldest empires and civilizions on earth existed just north of the coastal regions into what is today Mauritania. It was called the Zingh Empire and was highly advanced.In fact, they were the first to use the red, black and green African flag and to plant it throughout their territory all over Africa and the world.
The Zingh Empire existed about fifteen thousand years ago. The only other civilizations that may have been in existance at that period in history were the Ta-Seti civilization of what became Nubia-Kush and the mythical Atlantis civilization which may have existed out in the Atlantic, off the coast of West Africa about ten to fifteen thousand years ago. That leaves the question as to whether there was a relationship between the prehistoric Zingh Empire of West Africa and the civilization of Atlantis, whether the Zingh Empire was actually Atlantis, or whether Atlantis if it existed was part of the Zingh empire. Was Atlantis, the highly technologically sophisticated civilization an extension of African civilization in the Meso-America and other parts of the Americas?
The Wagenya (Enya ethnic group) live in Kisangani, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. They are known and famous for their fishing technique. Fishing and the Congo river are a central part of Wagenya life. Wagenya boys undergo circumcision around the age of 12, the ritual is done on the banks of the Congo river and the foreskin is thrown into the river after the ceremony has concluded. The Wagenyasay the Congo river is the river of their ancestors, legends states that a Wagenya can never die in the river because their ancestors’ village is located under the falls and it protects them. Fishing is part of Wagenya culture, the knowledge of how to build tolimo-s is passed down father to son. The tolimo-s are a collective symbol of Wagenya culture and identity. This tradition has existed hundreds of years before Henry Morton Stanley first observed them in 1877.
Kivu, hommes Bukawu
Casimir Zagourski
I played this from 8am this morning. This is my idea of church service.
Denmark Vesey
Born: 1767, Saint Thomas
Died: July 2, 1822, Charleston, SC
Books: The Trial Record of Denmark Vesey
http://www.blackpast.org/aah/denmark-vesey-conspiracy-1822
After one loyal slave told his master about a plot to seize the city of Charlestown, South Carolina and kill all the whites, local authorities exposed the most comprehensive slave plot in the history of the United States. More than 1,000 free and enslaved blacks intended to be a part of this uprising which was planned for sometime in July 1822. Denmark Vesey, a free black carpenter and Methodist leader, used his position to organize blacks, who were especially angry about the recent decision to suppress their African Church. South Carolina authorities moved swiftly once the plot was uncovered and Vesey and 36 of his co-conspirators were hanged after a dubious trial. Their executions were accompanied by a massive demonstration of support from defiant free and enslaved blacks that required local militia and Federal troops to restore order.
Historical speculation about whether this event was a genuine slave plot or an exaggeration brought on by white panic continues to this day. Evidence brought to the trial indicated extensive correspondence between the accused slaves including names, places, times, numbers, dates and other specific information, all of which points more to conspiracy than unfounded panic among whites.
This conspiracy ironically helped politicize black communities throughout the United States particularly after anti-slavery activists began referring to Denmark Vesey as a hero. Frederick Douglass was the first, but not the last, to use Vesey’s name as a battle cry for the first all-black infantry during the Civil War.
Sources:
Robert S. Starobin, Denmark Vesey: The Slave Conspiracy of 1822 (Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1970); http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p2976.html
Contributor:
University of Washington
Born: 1767, Saint Thomas
Died: July 2, 1822, Charleston, SC
Books: The Trial Record of Denmark Vesey
After one loyal slave told his master about a plot to seize the city of Charlestown, South Carolina and kill all the whites, local authorities exposed the most comprehensive slave plot in the history of the United States. More than 1,000 free and enslaved blacks intended to be a part of this uprising which was planned for sometime in July 1822. Denmark Vesey, a free black carpenter and Methodist leader, used his position to organize blacks, who were especially angry about the recent decision to suppress their African Church. South Carolina authorities moved swiftly once the plot was uncovered and Vesey and 36 of his co-conspirators were hanged after a dubious trial. Their executions were accompanied by a massive demonstration of support from defiant free and enslaved blacks that required local militia and Federal troops to restore order.
Historical speculation about whether this event was a genuine slave plot or an exaggeration brought on by white panic continues to this day. Evidence brought to the trial indicated extensive correspondence between the accused slaves including names, places, times, numbers, dates and other specific information, all of which points more to conspiracy than unfounded panic among whites.
This conspiracy ironically helped politicize black communities throughout the United States particularly after anti-slavery activists began referring to Denmark Vesey as a hero. Frederick Douglass was the first, but not the last, to use Vesey’s name as a battle cry for the first all-black infantry during the Civil War.
Sources:
Robert S. Starobin, Denmark Vesey: The Slave Conspiracy of 1822 (Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1970); http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p2976.html
Contributor:
University of Washington
Today marks the anniversary of the murder of Dr King.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Minister
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.Wikipedia
Born: January 15, 1929, Atlanta, GA
Assassinated: April 4, 1968, Memphis, TN
Spouse: Coretta Scott King (m. 1953–1968)
Children: Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King, Yolanda King, Bernice King
24 Martin Luther King Speeches and sermons https://mega.nz/#!BUtijZhB!_Vit_aWOvpQSLyHCpLbRg1gY3l93Vo1OqmHGi2KYAFA
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Minister
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.Wikipedia
Born: January 15, 1929, Atlanta, GA
Assassinated: April 4, 1968, Memphis, TN
Spouse: Coretta Scott King (m. 1953–1968)
Children: Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King, Yolanda King, Bernice King
24 Martin Luther King Speeches and sermons https://mega.nz/#!BUtijZhB!_Vit_aWOvpQSLyHCpLbRg1gY3l93Vo1OqmHGi2KYAFA
-Rodney Jackson
Queen Anna Nzinga (c. 1583 – December 17, 1663), also known as Ana de Sousa Nzinga Mbande, was a 17th-century queen (muchino a muhatu) of the Ndongo and Matamba Kingdoms of the Mbundu people in Angola. She came to power as an embassador after demonstrating a proclivity to tactfully diffuse foreign crisis, as she regained control of the Portuguese fortress of Ambaca. She assumed the powers of ruling in Ndongo after the suicide of her brother. Nzinga assumed control as regent of his young son, Kaza. Today, she is remembered in Angola for her political and diplomatic acumen, as well as her brilliant military tactics. A major street in Luanda is named after her, and a statue of her was placed in Kinaxixi on a square in 2002, dedicated by President Santos to celebrate the 27th anniversary of independence.
Three Kings
Martin Luther King senior, junior, and 3rd.
I'm a day late with this one.
Today In History
‘Paul Robeson, actor, singer, athlete, minister, and activist, was born in Princeton, NJ, on this date April 9, 1898. The famous actor graduated from Rutgers University, became a Presbyterian minister, and obtained a law degree from Columbia University.’
(photo: Paul Robeson)
- CARTER Magazine
Instead of starting a whole lot of threads I'll keep this one updated. Please feel free to add on positively.
NEVER FORGET!
Rest easy Tanisha Anderson, age 37
Rest easy Yvette Smith, age 47
Rest easy Miriam Carey, age 34
Rest easy Shelly Frey, age 27
Rest easy Darnisha Harris, age 16
Rest easy Malissa Williams, age 30
Rest easy Alesia Thomas, age 35
Rest easy Shantel Davis, age 23
Rest easy Rekia Boyd, age 22
Rest easy Shereese Francis, age 29
Rest easy Aiyana Jones, age 7
Rest easy Tarika Wilson, age 26
Rest easy Kathryn Johnston, age 92
Rest easy Pearly Golden, age 92
Rest easy Tyisha Miller, age 19
Rest easy Alberta Spruill, age 57
Rest easy Kendra James, age 21
Rest easy Gabriella Nevarez, age 22
